养老机构的防疫环境规划和设计——从中美长护和养老机构的COVID-19疫情防控谈起

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2021.04.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 总结有效的抗疫经验，维护我国既有防疫成果。对美国首个爆发COVID-19疫情的长护机构进行了调研，分析了其疫情发展和环境整改情况。立足国情，重点分析了我国养老机构在疫情中使用的防控指南，收集归纳了6家机构的指南使用经验，开展了定性与定量结合的数据分析。从场地规划、建筑本体、细节设计三层面提出防疫环境规划和设计建议，包括出入管理、防护和管控、疫情处理、心理慰籍四项内容。可以通过对新环境的合理规划和既有环境的巧妙改造，把突发疫情下使用的应急防控措施逐步转换为持续有效的长期防控措施。

关键词: 老龄化, 长期护理, 环境设计, 感染防控

Abstract: This paper aims to summarise the experience of preventing and controlling infection in senior living facilities and maintaining our current epidemic control achievement. The number of COVID-19 cases and associated deaths in long-term care facilities in the USA is staggering. As the pandemic continues, the risk for infection in senior living facilities remains high and similar outbreaks may occur again. Therefore, it is worth investigating how to learn from the outbreak and maintain our current epidemic control achievement. In the case of sudden outbreaks, emergency strategies are generally taken, and it is urgent to convert them into long-term prevention and control strategies. One strategy is to promote epidemic control by environmental design, including designing and planning new environments and renovating existing environments. This paper surveyed the outbreaks in senior living facilities in the USA, analysed the COVID-19 prevention and control guidelines used in China, and collected and summarised the experience using the guidelines. Qualitative and quantitative methods were applied to analyse the data. Based on the data analysis, existing problems were identified, and suggestions on the design and planning of built environment at site, building, and room levels for epidemic control were provided. Epidemic control should be promoted through environmental design, including the design and planning of new environments and renovation of existing environments. Emergency strategies should be converted into long-term prevention and control strategies.

Key words: society aging, long-term care, environmental design, infection control

中图分类号:

TU246.2

王哲, 蒙慧玲, 胡二平. 养老机构的防疫环境规划和设计——从中美长护和养老机构的COVID-19疫情防控谈起[J]. 南方建筑, 2021, 0(4): 8-13.

WANG Zhe, MENG Hui-ling, HU Er-ping. Epidemic Environment Design and Planning for The Pension Institutions: Discussing COVID-19 Prevention of Long-term Care Facilities and Pension Institutions in China and the USA[J]. South Architecture, 2021, 0(4): 8-13.

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