South Architecture

A Morphological Study on Urban Planning Mechanism of Blocks and Plots in Modern Historic District: the Case of Former French Concession, Tianjin

Yang Xu　Zheng Ying

2018, 0(1): 4-8. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2018.01.004　

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Blocks and plots are important elements of microcosmic urban fabric, and the analysis of their morphology can reveal the mechanism of urban planning. Taking the former French concession in Tianjin as the research object and using urban morphologic theories, this paper explores the planning characteristics and mechanism of Tianjin in a microscopic scale by analyzing the numbering and subdivision of the blocks and plots in this area. Firstly, this paper discusses the numbering of the blocks and plots, pointing out that the old town of Tianjin, the Haihe River and Dagu North Road are the major factors influencing the planning of the former French Concession. Secondly, by studying the plots and analyzing the subdivision of the plots, this paper summarizes the open characteristics of the former French concession towards the former Japanese and British concessions. Based on urban morphology and urban historic landscape theories, this paper contributes to supplementing studies on Tianjin's modern urban planning and provides the basis for future overall protection of cities and the formulation of regeneration strategies.

A Study on Regional Urban Design Strategies of Corps Cities in Xinjiang: A Case Study of Hongxing City, the Thirteenth Division

Peng Xiongliang　Jiang Hongqing

2018, 0(1): 9-15. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2018.01.009

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Locality is a source of urban characteristics. It includes the accumulation of cultural activities of the inhabitants in a specific geographical environment, and is the representation and inner law of urban formation and development. Xinjiang Production and Construction Corp (XPCC) was established in a special historical period, and its mission has shifted substantially from "farm and defend" to "build and defend" the frontier. XPCC cities not only have the unique Xinjiang continental climate and the "Silk Road" cultural landscape, they also distinguish themselves from other cities by their military farming tradition in their urban development history. This tradition gives XPCC cities a mixed cultural characteristic of revolutionary spirit and multi-racial fusion. Based on the analysis of regional elements of XPCC cities and by using Hongxing City as an example, this paper summarizes the strategies, methods and practical exploration of regional theories in urban design.

Buildings of People's Commune Renovation Based on Typological Transformation Studies: Taking Shigushan People's Commune in Hubei Province as an Example

Yan Ting　Tan Gangyi

2018, 0(1): 16-21. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2018.01.016　

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Buildings of the people's commune are one of the most important historical building types in modern China, and its architectural space fully embodies the political will and the features of the period. Taking Shigushan People's Commune in Hubei province as an example, this paper explores the deeper determinants behind the specific spatial organization mode under the investigation and research on its architectural space and value. Based on the understanding of typology and typological transformation and practical needs, this paper discusses the renovation design for the buildings of Shigushan People's Commune, aiming to improve the quality of buildings and people's life in the village. Taking this renovation as an example, this paper proposes a possible design application methodology in the typological transformation under this new era in the renovation designs of historical buildings and districts.

Microclimates and Designs of Urban Residential Areas in Hot-humid Region

Li Riyi　Zhang Yufeng　Wu Jie　Li Xiuhui

2018, 0(1): 22-28. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2018.01.022

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Taking Guangzhou, a typical city in hot-humid region, as an example, this paper conducts field measurements in two representative urban residential areas in the summer sunny days, and obtains the distribution maps of the microclimates in these areas. Combined with the designs of buildings, greenery and waterscape, this paper analyzes the relationships between microclimates and designs, and provides useful guidance and suggestions for optimizing the microclimatic designs of the urban residential areas in hot-humid region.

Thoughts on Difficulties and Solutions of Market-oriented Urban Renewal: Taking Foshan as an Example

Huang Lihua　Jiao Zheng

2018, 0(1): 29-35. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2018.01.029　

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In recent years, urban construction has shifted from expansive development to upgrading existing buildings. Under this background, this paper focuses on urban renewal projects in Foshan, reviews the implementation of Foshan's recent urban renewal projects approved by local government, points out its market-oriented renewal mode, and summarizes its major difficulties: disorientation in urban renewal direction, loss of control in development capacity, lack of continuous renewal across blocks, and insufficiency in historical protection. From the perspective of urban renewal management, this paper also examines and summarizes the experience of practices in United Kingdom and Hong Kong, making suggestions and proposing strategies about urban renewal mode, administrative and technological management based on current problems in Foshan. The aim of this paper is to provide references to other cities facing urban renewal problems in China.

Energy Consumption Assessment of Library and Information Center of Nanjing Institute of Technology

Chen Ke　Tao Zhi　Deng Shoupeng

2018, 0(1): 36-40. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2018.01.036

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Due to the lack of energy consumption statistics and analysis, a designer's subjective design decisions may not achieve the desired effect. Taking Yifu Library and Information Center of Nanjing Institute of Technology as the research object, this paper analyzes its energy consumption data of 2014 and 2015, combining field investigation of energy data and user feedbacks. This paper also analyzes the building's present situation of energy consumption and uses practical data to test the initial design objectives, in order to achieve more objective design strategies for low energy library designs. In the analytical process, by comparing its annual energy data, this paper analyzes the relationship between energy consumption, temperature and operation management of the library. At the same time, by comparing this library with other university libraries, this paper also accurately locates the energy consumption level, providing guidance for analysis and design strategies.

Force Flow "Deformation" under the Interaction between Structure and Form: The Formation of Architectural Form from the Perspective of Archi-Neering Design

Wu Yunpeng　Cao Haiying

2018, 0(1): 41-47. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2018.01.041

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Borrowing the concept of "force flow" in archi-neering design, this paper analyzes three processes in architectural structures: load reception，load transfer and load discharge. This paper divides force flow deformation into horizontal "deformation" and vertical "deformation". By analyzing previous architectural precedents through force flow and deformation, this paper explores how the structure of a building influences its form and space. Taking Japanese architect Toyo Ito's Tama Art University Library and Swiss architect Christian Kerez's Single-Wall House as two examples, this paper emphasizes the coordination between architects and structural engineers and illustrates the role of horizontal deformation and vertical deformation of "force flow" in architectural design through graphic method of statics and finite element analysis. Finally, this paper lists different typical cases of horizontal and vertical force flow deformation, categorizes and analyzes the changes of prototype and deformation in structural form and force flow in design process, and discusses the innovative thinking within the interaction between structure and form in architecture design.

Research on Quantitative Design of the Color and Scale of Architectural Accessible Signs

Jia Weiyang

2018, 0(1): 48-53. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2018.01.048

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Accessible signs are an important part of accessible environment. However, quantitative design researches on this subject are still weak in China. With comprehensive comparative analysis of domestic and foreign literatures and standards, this paper summarizes deficiencies in affecting factors in previous research ideas and methods. Based on actual needs and human scale of Chinese population with disabilities, this paper optimizes the design and carries out ergonomic subjective evaluation experiments and theoretical analysis. This paper also conducts a quantitative research on the relations between design elements, including color contrast, text size, installation height, and their affecting factors, including sight distance, hue, visual acuity, sign types, human scale, etc. Finally, this paper proposes design strategies with quantitative indicators in accordance with both universal design theories and China's conditions.

Research on Overall Energy Performance of Semi-transparent PV Curtain Walls in Five Climate Zones of China

Huang Jing　Xu Shen　Long Shunjie

2018, 0(1): 54-57. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2018.01.054

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Integrated with semi-transparent PV materials, building curtain walls could provide magnificent visual appearances and mottled interior lighting environment. Moreover, when the PV curtain walls generate electricity, they also affect the lighting, cooling and heating performance of a building. Considering the significant impact of climate factors on building energy performance and PV electricity generation, this paper selects five representative cities in five climate zones in China, investigates the semi-transparent PV curtain walls in each city by measuring their overall energy performance (including PV electricity generation, lighting, cooling and heating), and provides references for the optimization of semi-transparent PV curtain wall design in engineering application.

A Study on Characteristics of Dapeng Peninsula "Bed and Breakfast" Town from an Environmental Holism Perspective

Zhao Jine　Wang Guoguang　Zhu Xuemei

2018, 0(1): 58-64. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2018.01.058

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The ancient city of Dapeng and the village of Jiaochangwei have typical significance in the development of "bed and breakfast" industry in Pearl River Delta. This paper discusses possible ways of developing B&B towns with environmental holism from natural, humanitarian and technological perspectives. At the same time, by borrowing the experience of Dapeng Penisula, this paper also looks for a sustainable way to develop B&B towns. This paper makes the following suggestions: firstly, natural environment should be respected, explored, and fully displayed during renovation; secondly, historical traces should be kept as many as possible to restore and extend ancient life scenes; by using proper technologies and from aspects of master planning, environmental features, residence layout and residence quality, the development should create comfortable, healthy and safe B&B residential space and relaxing environment to achieve the goal of developing an attractive and economically vibrant B&B town.

Research on Architectural Function and Layout of Guild Halls in Early Ming and Qing Dynasties

Luo Xingji Li Xiaofeng

2018, 0(1): 65-71. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2018.01.065

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Guild halls in early Ming and Qing dynasties mainly refer to gentry's guild halls which first appeared in Beijing. The guild halls in early Ming and Qing dynasties inherit the functions of sacrifice, education and accommodation from three architecture types: the Confucian ancestral hall, the lecture hall, and the post station accommodations. Along with time, guild halls further hold funerals and economic activities, and become a new architecture type combining gathering (sacrifice, education and entertainment) and accommodation services. From architectural function to architectural layout, two ways exist in the layout of guild halls in early Ming and Qing dynasties: renovation/expansion, and new construction. Two types of buildings could be renovated into guild halls: one is ancestral temples and the other is houses. New constructions in guild halls in early Ming and Qing dynasties are mostly one-row small scale buildings.

Research on Types and Characteristics of Vernacular Residence in Villages in Conghua of Guangzhou

Zeng Lingtai　Guo Huanyu　Li Yuechuan　Xu Bolai

2018, 0(1): 72-76. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2018.01.072

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From the view of Han Chinese subgroups, the traditional villages in Conghua district of Guangzhou can be divided into three types in areas dominated by Cantonese culture, Hakka culture, and a mixture of Cantonese and Hakka culture. In the first type, 'three-bay-two-corridor' is the basic dwelling unit. While an independent ancestral hall leads all the residential buildings, temples, watch towers, and defensive towers locates in peripheral areas protecting the villages. In the second area type, the rectangular enclosed house is the main architectural type, combining ancestral sacrificial, residential and defensive functionalities. The hall-cross enclosed houses have an orderly relationship between principal and subordinate elements, and the row houses share a uniform spatial character. In the third area type, there are usually multiple kinds of building types co-exist in one village, mixing with each other. One typical example is in the Hakka sacrifice space influenced by Cantonese culture. The hall is separated as a sacrifice space from the hall-cross type.

The History and Architecture of the July 7th Anti-Japanese War Auditorium of National Central University

Dai Qiusi　Zhan Yue

2018, 0(1): 77-81. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2018.01.077

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The July 7th Anti-Japanese War auditorium is the only existing building of the National Central University in Shapingba period in Chongqing. Through reviewing and referencing historical documents, this paper conducts the research of the auditorium through its historical evolution and architecture. On one hand, this paper reviews its construction period, clarifies and restores its historical environment; on the other hand, this paper also analyzes its evolution process and elaborates its architectural characteristics of "natural growth" when its function changes. Based on the analysis of the contemporaneity and regionality of this Anti-Japanese War heritage, this paper reveals its scientific value, historical value and emotional value.

Research on the Site Environment View of Design Thoughts of Lingnan Architecture School

Tang Xiaoxiang　Xie Lingfeng

2018, 0(1): 82-87. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2018.01.082

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The integration between architecture and its environment is an effective and essential way in the formation and presentation of Lingnan architectural style. The research in this paper starts with site environment, which is one spatial hierarchy in architectural environment. This paper explores and summarizes the site environment view with regional realism characteristics in the design thoughts of Lingnan Architecture School. This view is mainly presented in three aspects: creating spatial arrangement which blends with site texture through perspectives of points, lines and planes; harmonizing architecture and its site environment through breaking down building volumes, introducing environmental elements and embedding featured forms; relating architectural skin and its site environment appearance through studies in form, material, color and texture.

Construction Strategies for Rural Landscape from the Perspective of Nostalgia

Chen Jiahuan　Lu Qi

2018, 0(1): 88-93. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2018.01.088

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In rural construction field, it will be a heavy loss if the traditional and the modern styles are separated completely. People having nostalgia not only miss their hometown, but also dream about the beauty of its rural landscape. Based on the analysis of nostalgia and rural landscape, this paper examines the ideal and development of the "Mountain, River, Farmland, Home" lifestyle in rural landscape in traditional Chinese culture. By describing the current conditions of contemporary rural landscape from the aspects of nature, production, settlement and humanity, this paper summarizes the dilemma of the construction of rural landscape. Based on the characteristics of nostalgia, this paper proposes construction strategies for rural landscape from the three aspects: multi-dimensional space, rhythmic order and humanized practices. These strategies clarify the main direction of rural landscape construction in the future.

Perspectival Test to Aperspectival Effects in the Liu Yuan

Ren Meng　Liu Luxiang　Tian Chaoyang

2018, 0(1): 94-97. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2018.01.094

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This paper provides a perspectival test of methods of "aperspectival effects" put forward by Mr. Feng Shi-da: covering ground, enframed scenery and enframed scenery dislocation. This paper also puts forward two new methods of "aperspectival effects" - looking down and looking up, and carries out their perspectival tests. This paper points out that any spatial phenomenon in traditional gardens can be tested scientifically.

Study on the Art of Rockworks in Artificial Hill and Rock Arrangement in Sichuan Traditional Gardens

Gao Jie　Jia Lingli

2018, 0(1): 98-103. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2018.01.098

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Under the influence of the unique topography, climate, history, culture and social customs, Sichuan region breeds a great number of traditional gardens which have a simple, natural, quaint and delicate local style. Based on an extensive research of rockworks of a group of representative classical Sichuan gardens, this paper analyzes the art of rockworks in their artificial hills and rock arrangement, and explores the artistic essence of Sichuan traditional gardens through aspects of the techniques, aesthetics and characteristics of artificial hills and stone arrangement.

Spatial Design Strategies on Flowing Landscape of Campus Atriums under the View of Space Syntax: Taking Yingdong Building in Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering as an Example

Luo Xinghai　Cai Ru

2018, 0(1): 104-109. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2018.01.104　

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By identifying the "flowing space" in the atrium of Yingdong Building in Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering and syntactically examining the "flowing space" around the building, this paper analyzes existing problems in spatial transportation organizations and crowd movement. Based on space syntax theory, this paper proposes design strategies of campus atrium landscape which fits in its genius loci. By referencing computer graphic language, this paper also explores a practical way of rationally optimizing design sketches, proving scientifically the great influences of planning schemes on the spatial arrangement of the entire landscape. The reconstruction of the "flowing landscape" of campus atriums under the context of space syntax helps to better harmonize the overall campus functional layout.

Fractal Characteristics in Macao's Townscape based on the Three Elements of Town Plan Analysis

Zheng Jianyi　Zhao Yunqiang　Zhang Qundi

2018, 0(1): 110-116. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2018.01.110

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Different from traditional architectural analysis of urban forms, the Conzenian theory, which originated from western geography in 1960s, established a town plan framework, including street systems, plots, and building plan types, providing a rigorous analytical framework in urban morphology. Taking Macao peninsula as an example, this paper combines town plan analysis and fractal calculation to explore quantitative analytical methods on the three elements of town plan analysis. On ArcGIS platform, grid-counting method is used to measure the fractal dimensions of the three elements in different areas. The quantitative data is collected for various periods and functional regions, providing a reference index for further understanding and controlling the characteristics of townscapes in different areas in Macao peninsula and the new reclamation area A.

A Study on Establishing Practice Teaching System of Undergraduate Landscape Architecture Education based on "2+2+1" Mode: Taking Xiamen University Tan Kah Kee College as an Example

Zhuang Xiaomin　Chen Ganglun　Wang Qing

2018, 0(1): 117-121. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2018.01.117

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This paper conducts researches and analysis on diverse landscape architecture education. Based on the engineering background of architecture education, landscape architecture teaching system could be build on the establishment of architectural education. This paper emphasizes on discussing practice teaching of landscape architecture by taking advantage of its five-year system and "2+2+1" mode. This paper also discusses establishing a teaching system of undergraduate landscape architecture education from aspects of teaching targets, contents, implementations, and supports.

Teaching Practice of Landscape Design Course based on Landscape Perception and Preference Theories

Qiu Ling　Gao Tian　Chen Hong

2018, 0(1): 122-127. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2018.01.122

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User participation is an essential way of implementing humanitarian landscape designs. This paper brings landscape perception theories into "Landscape Design" curriculum to guide the students to understand the relationship between human and environment. According to the curriculum, this paper uses the Qing Yuan campus of Anhui University as an example. Through questionnaires and interviews, this paper collects and analyzes the information of perceptions and preferences of the campus users about environmental landscape. Based on the results, the campus landscape design is updated, aiming to provide a new bottom-to-top method for public participation in landscape design.

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