乡村景观视角下传统村落现代营建监测数据库研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2022.03.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 面对中国传统村落保护的现实困境，拟解决在传统村落现代营建监管工作中,缺乏动态监测数据库平台的问题；通过建立乡村景观研究视角，进行传统村落的再认知；从实践出发，明确数据库构建的目标与原则；开展比对分析，确定空间数据库类型；构建“村域环境”监测内容；按照“人工景观”、“经营景观”、“自然景观”的景观分类，与“土地斑块”、“群体组合”、“单体要素”尺度层级，制定传统村落乡村景观的动态监测数据内容体系；最终完成传统村落现代营建动态监测数据库的设计。数据库可用于比对传统村落“新”、“老”乡村景观的特征，为传统村落现代营建的动态智能监管、档案资料存储、保护规划编制、乡村景观研究等工作，提供数字平台与虚拟模型。

关键词: 中国传统村落, 乡村景观, 传统村落保护技术

Abstract: The protection of traditional villages in China is faced with many practical challenges, such as the "hollowing out" and "wasting" of historical relics, the "disorder" and "convergence" of modern architectural construction, outdated and low-efficiency supervision technologies, and difficulties in coordinating "new" and "old" buildings. To address these problems, this project attempted to overcome the lack of a dynamic supervision database platform for modern architectural construction supervision in traditional villages by analyzing the latest research prospects and outputs in China and other countries.
　　First, a rural landscape perspective was built to investigate the whole material and spatial environment of traditional villages. Size main concepts regarding rural landscapes in traditional villages were identified: regional diversity, organic integrity, structural hierarchy, spatial-temporal heterogeneity, spatial-temporal scale, and human perception.
　　Second, the goal and principle of building a dynamic monitoring database for modern architectural construction in traditional villages were established. There were three goals, which were to build a comprehensive data archive management system, to construct a rural landscape digital model in traditional villages, and to explore informed, intelligent, standardized and dynamic supervision pathways. Five principles were established: comprehensiveness, hierarchy, dynamic adaptability, feasibility and comparative power.
　　Third, advantages and disadvantages were compared and an adaptation study was carried out based on concepts concerning rural landscapes in traditional villages, demands for the dynamic monitoring of modern architectural construction, and the construction goal and principle of a dynamic monitoring database. Finally, the spatial database was chosen as the dynamic monitoring database.
　　Fourth, dynamic environmental monitoring data for villages related to modern architectural construction supervision were selected and obtained, including geographical conditions and meteorological environment. Meanwhile, the data storage class and source were determined. Subsequently, the relevant dynamic monitoring data for "artificial landscape", "managed landscape" and "natural landscape" in traditional villages were selected according to three spatial dimensions of "land use patch", "group combination" and "single element". Furthermore, the data storage class and source were determined. Finally, the time dimension and scale were added to formulate the collection period of various data.
　　These research results can not only be used to compare characteristics of "new" and "old" rural landscapes in traditional villages, but also provide a digital platform and virtual model to study the dynamic intelligent monitoring of modern architectural construction in traditional villages, archive data storage, the formulation of protection planning, and rural landscape studies. These results have already been preliminarily applied in traditional villages in Hancheng City, Shaanxi Province, such as Zhouyuan Village, Dangjia Village and Shidai Village. Meanwhile, it was found that some monitoring data were acquired in a relatively traditional way, resulting in the high labor intensity in general surveys. Future studies can explore fast data acquisition methods and regular acquisition management systems by employing novel technologies.

Key words: Chinese traditional villages, rural landscape, traditional village protection technology

中图分类号:

吴雷 , 雷振东, 武艳文, 田虎. 乡村景观视角下传统村落现代营建监测数据库研究[J]. 南方建筑, 2022, 0(3): 98-106.

WU Lei, LEI Zhendong, WU Yanwen, TIAN Hu. Application of a Modern Architectural Construction Monitoring Database in Traditional Villages from the Perspective of Rural Landscapes[J]. South Architecture, 2022, 0(3): 98-106.

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