关键词: 农业结构调整, 景观指数, 居民满意度, 山地乡村

Abstract: Background and objective: Agricultural restructuring in rural areas can lead to the reconstruction of the rural landscape and rural economic society. Rural agricultural structures, landscape characteristics and functions are transforming, from production space to consumption space, and from the landscape of the countryside to a post-countryside landscape. Many suburbs and villages advantaged in terms of land and environmental resources have begun to resort to agricultural restructuring and choosing different agricultural types to promote changes in the rural landscape, increase economic income and improve the environmental quality of settlements, all of which promotes life satisfaction among settlement residents. Hence, investigating the factors that influence the agricultural restructuring of landscapes and the life satisfaction of residents who live in mountain villages is important toward promoting rural transformation development, improving rural landscapes, and increasing the quality of life of the residents who live in these underdeveloped areas.
　　Method: A case study of Jiuling Village, an area transforming from traditional cereal crops to the forest and fruit economy, and also to rural tourism, was examined in the current study. Based on first-hand real-time data on planning, the agricultural restructuring status in underdeveloped mountain villages, and the corresponding changes to the rural landscape and residents' life satisfaction was examined through the use of GIS remote sensing, field-map plotting and semi-structured interviews conducted in the field. 
　　Conclusions: First, the agricultural structure in Jiuling Village underwent an obvious adjustment from 2012 to 2018. It was developing toward scaled and professional non-grain structures, with improvement of efficiency and quality. Influenced by landform conditions such as altitude and slope, agricultural restructuring was found to be closely related to landform changes and abandonment of farmland locally was also revealed. This was accompanied by evident vertical hierarchical distributions. This indicates that the agricultural restructuring and layout in Jiuling Village were optimized to conform to the natural conditions in mountainous areas. On one hand, the agricultural restructuring and transformation of land-use patterns promotes the professional and scaled modern agricultural transformation centered on farmer households and individual contracts. On the other hand, it achieves agricultural transformation to scaled and professional non-grain structures with improvement in efficiency and quality. Second, rural landscape changes involve significant spatial multilevel differentiation characteristics. In regions with flat landforms, low gentle slopes and middle slopes, the use of the land diversity index (LDI), landscape fragmentation index (FI), largest plaque index (LPI) and landscape aggregation index (AI) has significantly been improved, while LDI, FI and AI in highland regions, with strong inclines and steep slope changes, were found to have improved the least. Rural landscape indexes for Jiuling Village following agricultural restructuring have generally been improved. In the process from grain planting to forest, fruit and traditional Chinese medicine planting, LDI, LPI and AI were found to have increased, while FI decreased. Such agricultural restructuring has influenced the landscapes in regions that predominantly have flat landforms, low gentle slopes and middle slopes. Third, the proportion of net agricultural income and rural tourism income, traffic facilities in villages and actual farmland area per capita were found to be significant factors that impact residents' life satisfaction. Fourth, the influencing mechanism underpinning agricultural restructuring on efficiency and quality improvement can be revealed effectively by many ways, including the established analysis path represented by agricultural restructuring driven by the efficiency and quality improvement of non-grain products, the transformation of farmland-use patterns, the multi-functional reconstruction of rural landscapes, and improvement in living quality of rural residents. In other words, the demands of rural transformation oriented by improvement to the efficiency and quality of agricultural products can facilitate rural agricultural restructuring, thus forcing changes to farmland use toward scaled and professional use patterns and causing the multi-functional restructuring of rural landscapes. Finally, it was found that residents' life satisfaction of building conditions could be improved.

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