南方建筑 ›› 2020, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (6): 22-29.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2020.06.022

• 设计前沿探讨 • 上一篇    下一篇

伞状结构发展的历史演进及当代价值——以20 世纪以来西欧与拉美为例

张墅阳,王扬   

  • 出版日期:2020-12-31 发布日期:2021-01-12
  • 通讯作者: 王扬 华南理工大学建筑设计研究院有限公司、华南理工大学建筑学院、亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室,教授级高级工程师& 博士生导师,电子邮箱:yangwang804@126.com
  • 作者简介:1华南理工大学建筑学院,硕士研究生;2华南理工大学建筑设计研究院有限公司,华南理工大学建筑学院,教授级高级工程师&博士生导师,通信作者,电子邮箱:yangwang804@126.com;1&2亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室
  • 基金资助:
    “十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0704900):既有城市工业区功能提升与改造技术。

The Historical Evolution and Contemporary Value of Umbrella Structure: Cases Study based on the Practice in Western Europe and Latin America since the 20th Century#br#
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ZHANG Shu-yang, WANG Yang   

  • Online:2020-12-31 Published:2021-01-12

摘要: 鉴于国内大量车站、机场等交通枢纽以及集合市场等大跨度建筑的不断出现,提出伞状结构,并将其作为一类独特的结构形式加以研究。简要阐述了3 种常见伞状结构的形式与特点,归纳梳理了20 世纪伞状结构西欧与拉美发展变化的主要线索和3个主要阶段,即试验探索阶段、发展变化阶段和轻质化数字化阶段,厘清了每个阶段伞状结构的主要特征,以及主要建筑师对伞状结构的贡献及彼此间的相互影响。通过一些代表性作品重点阐明伞状结构的当代应用价值,其主要表现为结构的美观性与合理性,灵活的模块化建造方式和藉由可变性等构造策略回应地域气候3个方面,以期为建筑结构一体化设计提供启示和借鉴。

关键词: 伞状结构, 双曲抛物面, 混凝土薄壳, 树状伞, 膜结构伞, 结构美, 模块化, 气候适应性

Abstract: Umbrella-shaped architecture is not uncommon in the construction of large-span buildings like stations, airports, markets, and other buildings. This wide usage makes it a significant type of structure for research. The forms and characteristics of three common umbrella structures are briefly explained and the three main stages of 20th Century development of the umbrella structure from Western Europe to Latin America are summarized. The three main stages identified are: the experimental stage, the development stage, and the lightweight and digital stage. The primary characteristics of the umbrella structure at each stage and significant architects' contributions to the umbrella structure are also discussed. Moreover, the contemporary value of the umbrella structure is explored via a number of representative works. The contemporary value of the structure is demonstrated via the aesthetics and rationality of such structures, flexible modular construction methods, and responses to the regional climates that use structural strategies. Research conclusions provide inspiration and reference for integrated architectural design using the umbrella structure.

Key words: umbrella structure, hyperbolic paraboloid (HP or hypar), concrete shell, tree-inspired umbrella structures, membrane structure umbrella, structural beauty, modular, climatic adaptation