Abstract: Village public spaces play a significant role in activating traditional communities. Therefore, there has been a growing emphasis on establishing and reinvigorating these public spaces in recent years. However, it is not clear whether the newly built public space can become an active place as expected and hence, it is necessary to make a quantitative analysis and study on spatial activity. In this study, data including MAC address information of the tested mobile devices, time stamp, distance from mobile devices to the probe can be collected through the spatiotemporal data acquisition technique of WiFi probe. On this basis, information about passenger flows in the area of probe, length of stay of the tested mobile devices and positional trajectories could be collected. A case study based on Dacang Village, Jinggangshan, Jiangxi Province was carried out. Dacang Village is a representative traditional village at the border between Hunan Province and Jiangxi Province. Various public places in villages still have vitality as the space shared by local people and foreign tourists. A total of 17 public space nodes in five types of villages were chosen to collect data for 38 days. Later, data was cleaned and calculated to obtain vitality index of tourists and villagers at different nodes. Through data cleaning and data analysis, this study has following discoveries: 1) according to total data size and daily average data size, the original public spaces in the village represented by ancestral hall are still the most active region of residents and tourists at present even though there's no buildings or site reconstruction yet. 2) Vitality of new public spaces is polarized and it is mainly influenced by environmental factor that whether built-up space has climate adaptive design. Moreover, data of probes obtained from new public space nodes in different stages were compared. Results showed that people prefer to communicate in spaces which encourage residents to participate in building and maintenance, which have social attributes. 3) For intermediary spaces of villages, most nodes have surrounding residential buildings without reconstruction or planning design. However, they are unexpectedly attractive to tourists and the use time is higher than the mean. The mean length of stay of tourists at some nodes is higher than those in new public spaces. To address mismatch between village space design and behavioral preference of some groups, some optimization suggestions are proposed: 1) it is suggested to increase proportion of regional and climate adaptive buildings or construction design, use time and frequency of public places in future public space design according to obvious preferences of residents and tourists to landscapes, entertainment and shading facilities. 2) Given the rural land shortage and low possibility of large-scaled public space development, a reasonable planning and use of intermediary space and small areas near road nodes may provide a new idea to increase vitality of villages. 3) Users also show some preferences to social spaces. Communication needs among different groups shall be considered during tourism industrial development or planning and construction of public places in villages with great passenger flows. Moreover, attention shall be paid to the sense of territory as belonging of residents are different from those urban residents. Designers shall guide villagers to participate into construction of public spaces into a collective space that can stimulate the sense of gathering.

Key words: rural public space, spatial vitality, WiFi probe technology, spatiotemporal data

摘要： 村落公共空间作为村落公共活动的重要载体，对于激活传统村落活力有着重要意义，然而新建公共空间是否能如期成为活跃的场所尚不明晰，需要对其进行空间活力定量研究。因此，结合WiFi探针采集的人群时空分布数据和现场观察记录，以井冈山大仓村为研究对象，对传统村落各类公共空间进行人群活动强度定量分析。选取村落五类共17个公共空间节点进行数据采集，之后对其进行数据清洗与计算，分别获得游客、村民两类人群的各节点活跃度指标。经研究发现：1）村落原有公共空间现在依然是最活跃的公共空间；2）新建公共空间的活跃度表现两极化严重，主要受建成环境要素影响；3）部分中介空间活力表现亮眼。同时，还对比总结出村落人群在五类公共空间中的行为偏好特征，可以为乡村振兴背景下类似传统村落的公共空间营造提供理论支持和优化建议。

关键词: 村落公共空间, 空间活跃度, WiFi探针技术, 时空数据