Abstract: With the rapid urbanization in China, more and more people are flocking to big cities, leading to a significant increase in the number of primary school-age children. This surge in population has resulted in a scarcity of primary school places, intensifying the contradiction of compulsory education. In this context, a lot of primary schools with high floor area ratio begin to be built in order to increase supply capacity of urban primary school places. Primary schools with high floor area ratio are characteristic of "high floor area ratio", "high density" and "intensive" compared to traditional primary schools. They can significantly influence behaviors and psychological emotions of primary school students. As a basic behavioral activity of children in schools, wayfinding behaviors often occurs before or coupling with other behaviors. Traffic spaces in current primary schools with high floor area ratio often have poor streamlines, crowd spaces, poor path guidance and other problems. These could cause burden to essential wayfinding behaviors of students and result in dangerous accidents.
　　To address above problems, this study investigated traffic spaces in primary schools with high floor area ratio from the perspective of wayfinding related behaviors of children. Limitations of traffic spaces in schools include traffic spaces in the teaching complex and some outdoor traffic spaces bearing walking needs of children. According to the wayfinding theory, the specific steps of wayfinding activities of children are obtained. Through a survey on existing schools with high floor area ratio, the characteristic elements of traffic spaces are summarized, thus establishing the correlation between wayfinding behaviors of children and traffic space design in schools.
　　Hongling Experimental Primary School and Pingshan Experimental School were chosen for the case study. A 3D virtual model appropriate for school-age children was constructed. Moreover, 60 volunteer students of Grade 6 were invited to participate in PC-end virtual wayfinding experiment in schools. Experimental results can be divided into two types: 1) recording data from wayfinding experiment, including video records and positional statistics of respondents during wayfinding in the model. On this basis, wayfinding tacks, path length and length of stay needed in the study are generated; 2) The cognitive feelings of respondents in experiments are gained through interview and sequence of influencing degree.
　　Based on experimental results, wayfinding of children could be affected by functional streamline and visual elements in traffic spaces. With respect to functional streamline, traffic spaces in primary schools with high floor area ratio shall meet 3D spatial layout and elastic interface morphology and adjust corresponding specific space types (e.g. corridors, large steps and staircases). With respect to visual elements, traffic spaces in primary schools with high floor area ratio shall guarantee friendly colorful markers of the right age, transparent and barrier-free space interface, and distinctive environmental facility styles, which can offer positive guidance to way finding decision-making of children.
　　Therefore, this study acquires wayfinding behaviors and spatial cognitive features of children through experiments, and summarizes and extracts traffic space elements that influence children's cognition. It can provide theoretical supports and reference to optimization of traffic spaces in primary schools with high floor area ratio.

Key words: wayfinding experiment, primary schools with high floor area ratio, traffic space, wayfinding cognition

摘要： 高容积率校园作为目前城市发展中重要的小学校园形式，用以缓解当下义务教育阶段学位的供需矛盾，从而进一步推动教育公平的实现。超高的建筑容积率作为这种校园类型的主要特征，会对学龄儿童的行为举止、心理情绪等造成巨大影响。选取红岭实验小学和坪山实验学校作为校园案例，并建构适合于学龄儿童的三维虚拟模型，通过寻路实验的方式获取儿童的寻路行为和空间认知的特征，总结提炼出影响儿童认知的交通空间要素，以期为同类高容积率小学交通空间的优化提供理论支持与参考。

关键词: 寻路实验, 高容积率小学, 交通空间, 寻路认知