Abstract: The original Tunpu folk dwellings were shaped during the early Ming Dynasty and constructed by soldiers conscripted to Guizhou Province from other places under the "Wei-suo system". The dwellings were formed over 600 years' evolution and have some unique features. This paper summarizes the systematic and typological characteristics of Tunpu folk dwellings, using a variety of research methods including field investigation, detailed mapping and spatial analysis. The architectural features and basic shape and structure of the Tunpu folk dwellings in Anshun, Guizhou Province, are summarized, and the formation and evolution of various types of dwellings are analyzed. Three main conclusions are reached. First, the local residential buildings generally take a plane layout based on a "three-section compound" and "four-section compound", the structure and facade are formed of a stone and wood combination, and courtyard houses are the basic unit of settlement. Secondly, the basic forms that evolved include pavements, courtyards that change with terrain, a combination of courtyards, a watchtower-courtyard system, and those under the influence of foreign culture. Finally, there was also construction in Tunpu Village that developed from "small courtyard" to "big courtyard" and, eventually, to "village".

Key words: Tunpu, folk dwellings, typology, Wei-suo system, courtyard

摘要： 最初的黔中屯堡形成于明朝初年，是“卫所制度”下由外地征发至黔的军士就地屯驻营建、并经过600余年发展演变而成，其民居非常具有特色。为了总结屯堡民居的系统化、类型化特征，文章通过实地调研、详细测绘、空间分析等研究方法，概括了贵州安顺地区屯堡民居的建筑特色和基本形制，分析了各种民居类型的形成演变过程。文章的主要结论是：当地民居普遍形成了以“三合院”、“四合院”为基础的平面布局和石木结合的结构与立面形式，合院式民居是构成聚落的基本单元；铺面、随地形变化的院落、组合院落、碉楼-院落体系、外来文化影响下的院落等是基本形式的演变和发展；屯堡村落还形成了一种由“小院”而“大院”最终构成“村落”的构成方式。

关键词: 屯堡, 民居, 类型学, 卫所制度, 院落