Abstract: Agricultural resources are the most common in China's vast rural areas. Rural development based on agricultural resources has maintained close relations between rural areas, agriculture, and farmers. However, the national condition of "big population and insufficient land" means it is easy to become focused on a strategy of "high yield and low capacity" based on traditional agriculture. Therefore, rural development based on agriculture must involve non-agricultural industries connected to local resources to integrate development of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries. This can further lead to high-quality and sustainable development. Shanxiahu Town in Zhejiang Province, the center of pearl cultivation in China, is a valuable demonstration of rural development based on agricultural resources (pearl culture) and driven by local industries. It has achieved the coordinated and sustainable development of a rural "economy-society-settlement" system, providing considerable reference value. In this study, the development of the freshwater lake pearl industry in Shanxiahu Town was analyzed based on a field survey and empirical study. The pearl culture has updated gradually into the integrated development of pearl processing, trading, R&D design, e-commerce, and so on. Rural pearl-driven development in Shanxiahu Town generally shows three major characteristics. (1) Rooting. This characteristic describes changes from dependence on natural resources to dependence on social resources. Moreover, local advantages are adapted and strengthened under resource constraints. (2) Innovation. Value is created continuously via skillful use of resource endowment and exploration of characteristic agricultural techniques, R&D innovation, and brand creation. It has realized leap-frog development in different stages. This makes Shanxiahu Town more resilient when facing market risks and policy constraints. (3) Inclusiveness. From the traditional Smallholder economy to contemporary low-cost webcasts, farmers utilize an inclusive development environment to develop their individual advantages and respect the principal position of local farmers in local industrial development. Finally, three driving mechanisms of rural development in Shanxiahu Town were uncovered and corresponding policy was proposed. Firstly, anti-driving mechanism of environmental constraints. Expansion of industrial functions creates pressure on the ecology and living spaces. However, Shanxiahu Town has promoted the "smart contraction" of production and the introduction of green technology. As a result, it entered into an environmentally-friendly new stage of ecological economic development, thus realizing coordination and sustainable development of a rural "environment-economy-society" system. Secondly, self-strengthening of industrial clusters. Local industrial clusters are an important force of self-strengthening. They not only fully developed the scale effect of industrial development, but also stimulated rural learning and innovation capabilities. From the perspective of spatial planning and policy interventions, it is suggested to guarantee the public spatial scale, improve the quality of public space, optimize the overall allocation of rural space resources, leave spaces for strategic development, and guide clustering of elements like industries and talents. Thirdly, development of social capital. This is the core factor for sustainable agricultural and rural developments. It is not only rooted in local areas, but can also integrate development as well as improve local learning innovations. The government should fully develop villagers' self-governance, respect the principal position of farmers, and strengthen cohesiveness for rural settlement development and roots of social capital accumulation through planning and allocation of land resources and control of rights.

Key words: agricultural resource, local industries, rural development, sustainable development, mechanism explanation

摘要： 农业资源是我国广大乡村地区最为普遍的资源禀赋，但仅仅依靠传统农业容易走向“高产量—低产能”的内卷化困境，如何基于农业资源突破路径依赖、实现可持续且高质量的乡村发展成为一个重要议题。浙江省山下湖镇基于淡水湖面资源，由传统农业转型发展珍珠产业，逐渐实现高质量的可持续发展。基于实地调研访谈与经验研究，剖析山下湖镇珍珠产业转型发展之路，归纳珍珠产业驱动下山下湖镇乡村发展中的根植性、创新性和包容性等特征，进而探究该镇乡村“环境—经济—社会”系统的协调与可持续发展的动力机制，并讨论政策启示和规划策略。

关键词: 农业资源, 地方产业, 乡村发展, 可持续发展, 机制解释