Abstract: Restorative urban green space can improve the mental health of elderly. However, the mechanism and the effects of subjectively perception of mental health restoration have yet to be elucidated. In this study, the characteristics of subjectively perceived mental health restoration in the elderly were extracted via Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Accordingly, the mechanism and effects of the different perceptual dimensions on mental health were analysed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) based on mental recovery score as the dependent variable. Results showed that beautiful scenes, easy-to-use facilities, safe accessibility, microclimate comfort, and a sense of familiarity and attachment are the main features perceived by the elderly using green spaces in the community. Beautiful scenes and microclimate can influence mental health of the elderly directly. The microclimate has the highest cumulative effect. Health behavioral intensity plays an important mediating role in the positive relationship between restorative characteristics of green spaces and mental health of the elderly. Specifically, beautiful scenes, microclimate comfort, easy-to-use facilities and safe accessibility have positive effects on mental health of the elderly by controlling the intensity of physical activity. The easy-to-use facilities and a sense of familiarity and attachment contribute to mental health of the elderly indirectly by influencing social communication. The mediating effect of intense physical activity on mental health of the elderly is stronger than that of social communication probably due to cultural entertainment and social communication combined with physical activities. For example, fitness and dancing opportunities facilitate communication among the elderly. Based on the findings above, specific strategies for optimisation were proposed from the perspective of microclimate, natural landscape, spatial facilities and layout, and the atmosphere associated with green spaces in the communities, including comfortable climate, increased utilisation of natural landscape, development of composite easy-to-use facilities, smooth and accessible spatial layout, and a spatial atmosphere with a sense of belonging.

Key words: residential green space, restorative characteristics, subjective perception, mental health of the elderly, structural equation model

摘要： 具有恢复性的各类城市绿地空间可以对老年人心理健康起到促进作用，对于住区绿地空间，老年人主观感知的恢复性特征及其对心理健康的促进路径与效应还未得到充分探索。运用主成分分析法提取老年人主观感知的空间恢复性特征；选取心理恢复得分作为因变量，使用结构方程模型解析不同维度主观感知的空间恢复性特征对老年人心理健康促进路径与路径效应。研究发现：（1）老年人主观感知的住区绿地空间恢复性特征包括景色优美、微气候舒适、设施易用、安全可达与熟悉依恋；（2）住区绿地空间微气候舒适特征对老年人心理健康的促进路径效应最强；（3）健康行为强度发挥重要中介效应，其中，相比较于社交活动强度，体力活动强度的正向作用效应也更为显著。最后，对提升住区绿地空间适老健康品质提出有针对性的优化设计策略。

关键词: 住区绿地空间, 恢复性特征, 主观感知, 老年人心理健康, 结构方程模型