关键词: 科学设计, 城市基础数据, 框架搭建, 数据载体

Abstract: With extensive development of the whole society, it is difficult to effectively address architectural design problems. In 2004, Simon published a book entitled Artificial Science-Complexity Views, which put forward the view that design has "scientific characteristics". Limited by science and technology, previous studies have predominantly focused on explorations of design methods and processes. With recent technological advancements such as building information modeling (BIM), geographic information system (GIS), the smartphone and automobiles, the implementation of scientific design has been enabled. To minimize people's subjective judgments in the design process and to therefore provide objective and real design references, studies using basic urban data are key to realizing the implementation of "scientific design" since a sound research system is equipped. Combining knowledge of statistics and the Computer Integrated manufacturing (CIM) concept, the transfer paths and role of data were examined through an analysis of data applications in the design process. Meanwhile, the basic urban data framework was established according to these paths and roles. Based on the basic data input transfer paths, conversion, carrying and output, it was revealed that the basic urban data framework comprises data input, data conversion, data carriers and data applications. Research on data input has predominantly focused on data classification based on condition of zero data acquisition, no data reclassification in the process of data acquisition, and maintaining the data acquisition channel under the availability of specific numbers or the terminal data of explicit indexes. Research on data conversion has predominantly focused on the qualitative analysis of data after data input. Combined with statistical knowledge, the basic classification principle and methods for the data acquired should be determined first. Second, thecollected data is then divided into dynamic and static data, which leads to data conversion. A data carrier does not refer to simple storage; rather, it distinguishes the visual attributes of the data. The urban model is the carrier of visual data and the data board is the carrier of nonvisual data. Data verification is performed according to the requirements of the framework. Meanwhile, the connections between the data belonging to the two attributes is established. Research on data application is predominantly focused on technical routes. After the dynamic and static attributes of the data are established, the visual and nonvisual data are differentiated, and a technical route for the data application is established by combining the transfer route application and role of data in the design process. The technical route for the data application involves four steps: establishing the data requirement framework, refining the data, and applying and verifying the data. The data requirement framework points to the universal data requirement framework, which is established based on the professional data requirement framework, the characteristics of the project, as well as according to the activity attributes in the design process. Data refining refers to a process in which data are reviewed according to the data requirement framework (which is based on data input, data transfer, and the data carrier). Based on the applicability of the data, data application is divided into direct applications and decision applications. Accordingly, data verification is divided into input verification and integration verification. The result of the verification is the key to a correct design. The key in data application research with respect to the technical route relies on three stages: establishing a data requirement framework, applying the data, and verifying the data. Except for data application in the design process, such application can also be extended to various aspects of urban construction, such as urban decision-making and business deployment (among others). Data exhibits value in terms of index application and essential research. At present, social development sits within the key stage of transition from quantitative changes to qualitative changes. It is therefore inevitable and will be necessary to build a basic urban data framework. For social development moving forward, basic urban data also assumes the important role as a reference point for core decision-making in social development.

Key words: scientific design, basic urban data, frame construction, data carrier