社区营造中的积极设计方法应用探究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2022.04.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 当前我国城市发展进入存量阶段，社区更新成为城市发展的新动能，提升居民的幸福感成为社区营造的重要目标。物质空间环境的提升可以增加居民短期的愉悦，而积极心理学认为“设计”幸福应存在多样性和更多的可能性，以期对个体更长期的主观幸福感产生影响。从心理学的角度出发，首先对积极心理学相关理论进行梳理，归纳总结出影响人主观幸福感的7个因素，包括自我接纳和认同、被需要和认同、环境掌控、与他人的积极关系、机能主动、生活目标和自我价值。其次，探究积极设计的特征并对案例进行分析，在社区营造中总结出基于积极设计的干预程序，依次为共情介入、寻找可能性、设计可能性和反馈与评价。最后，根据影响人主观幸福感的因素构建积极心理干预矩阵以及提出干预策略：（1）创造平等的交往空间；（2）建立人与环境的关联；（3）创造与美好事物的关联性；（4）提供富有弹性的媒介；（5）提供一种延续性。研究成果为以提升居民主观幸福感为目的的社区营造及公共空间设计提供介入方法和实现途径。

关键词: 风景园林, 积极心理学, 主观幸福感, 积极设计, 社区营造

Abstract: Today, urban development in China has entered the inventory stage, and community renewal has become a new driving force of urban development. Enhancing the happiness of residents is an important goal of community construction to meet humanisation and health pursuits in the new era. Physical space environmental improvement can boost the short-term happiness of residents. Positive psychology believes that the ‘designed’ happiness should have more diversities and possibilities, affecting people's long-term subjective happiness. From the perspective of psychology, seven factors may influence people’s subjective well-being. They were summarised first by reviewing positive psychology and the related theoretical subjective well-being, psychological well-being, social well-being, and self-determination theories. These seven factors include self-acceptance and identity, being needed and identified, environmental control, positive relationships with others, functional initiation, life goals and self-values.
　　Second, the active design targeting improving subjective well-being was explored. The characteristics of the active design were summarised through a case study of applications of active design in industrial design: Active design is possibility-driven, emphasising the observation process and having a deep concern about the virtue of humanity.
　　Third, entry points and the feasibility of the active design program migrating to community construction were explored through Mr He Zhisen's 'Scene of Construction: Vegetable Market is an Art Museum'. The intervention program of the active design in community reconstruction was summarised, including empathy intervention, searching for possibilities, design possibilities, and feedback and evaluation.
　　Finally, five intervention strategies were proposed according to the influencing factors of subjective well-being: (1) creating an equal communication space, (2) building associations between the person and the environment, (3) creating associations with beautiful things, (4) providing elastic medium, (5) providing a continuity. A positive psychological intervention matrix was built using five intervention strategies, targeting seven influencing factors of people’s subjective well-being. Further, the design's potential endpoints and pathways were highlighted to provide entry points to stimulate designers to adopt open and systematic methods to simulate possible diversities. The subjective well-being of residents can be improved accurately through space construction and intervention. This study hopes to propose some intervention methods to guide public participation and pathways to improve residents' subjective well-being through space construction. Research conclusions can provide theoretical references to community construction and public space design to improve residents' subjective well-being. They all have important practical significance to promote individual health and social harmony.

Key words: landscape architecture, positive psychology, subjective well-being, positive design, community construction

中图分类号:

TU984.12

李洁, 孙卫国, 赵奕楠, 林广思. 社区营造中的积极设计方法应用探究[J]. 南方建筑, 2022, 0(4): 39-45.

LI Jie, SUN Weiguo, ZHAO Yinan, LIN Guangsi. Research on Applications of Active Design Method in Community Construction[J]. South Architecture, 2022, 0(4): 39-45.

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