FAHP视角下幼儿园室内生活用房设计量化研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2023.05.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于模糊层次分析法（FAHP）构建幼儿园室内生活用房设计要素的量化体系，利用图表化语言表达符合幼儿需求的设计要素，为实现合理、趣味与高效的空间组织安排提供理论数据支撑。首先，使用马赛克法、文献法与调查法确定设计要素，构建指标框架；其次，建立设计要素量化体系，利用yaahp软件建立判断模型并确定各层次指标权重；最后，使用模糊综合评价法对湖南湘东地区某幼儿园实施评估，探寻建筑设计与幼儿需求新的耦合效应。得出了12条符合幼儿需求的室内生活用房设计要素，与其对应的量化权重数值；建立了一套适用于既成幼儿园室内生活用房的量化评价体系，根据量化数据探寻建筑旧瑕疵与优化芯方向。

关键词: 模糊层次分析法, 幼儿园室内生活用房, 幼儿需求, 量化分析, Yaahp软件

Abstract: Based on the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), a quantitative system of design elements for indoor living rooms in kindergartens was established. In this system, the needs of children were explored by the Mosaic research method, and the design elements of indoor living rooms in kindergartens that meet the needs of children were expressed in the graphic language. This study aims to provide theoretical data support to realize the reasonable, interesting, and efficient spatial organization arrangement of indoor living rooms, improve the current situation of the original design not meeting the needs of children, and increase the overall quality of the kindergarten design architecture. [Methods/Process] Firstly, the children's needs were determined intuitively and systematically by the Mosaic method, and then were transformed into design elements through a literature review. Later, twelve design elements conforming to the children's needs were determined and analyzed via survey method. The indicator framework of design elements was constructed by combining with the Delphi method. Secondly, a quantitative system of design elements was established based on FAHP, and a judgment model was established by yaahp software. The weights of indicators at each level were determined according to the importance comparative evaluation data proposed by experts. Finally, a kindergarten in the Xiangdong area of Hunan Province was evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and an evaluation system and model were established. The evaluation data of teachers and parents was collected through the snowball sampling method and a comprehensive evaluation form, and then input into the software for calculation, thus determining the evaluation score. The problems discovered in the survey were studied and analyzed by combining evaluation scores of different design elements. The new coupling effect between architectural design and children's needs was explored, and the corresponding optimization design was proposed. (1) It is innovative to study the design elements of kindergartens through a quantitative analysis. In general, the quantization system of design elements based on FAHP and the established yaahp model have good significance for promotion and application value, and can act as reference for subsequent research on the design elements of other kindergarten spaces. (2) Twelve design elements were obtained, among which the biophile element ranked first with a comprehensive weight coefficient of 0.3890. This reflects that, with the upgrading of children's behavioral and psychological needs, the kindergarten is no longer a single functional place to provide teaching, rest, and play. The design should pay more attention to the contact between children and nature, and have a clear positioning and planning of functional zones to help children to truly feel connected to nature. In accordance with these functions, the "wind and rain space" can meet children's yearning for nature to a great extent. In addition, the construction of a wooden platform can change the closed status of indoor living rooms and improve the interest of the space, thus helping children keep a happy mood in the open space and grow up healthy. (3) A set of quantitative evaluation systems suitable for existing kindergartens has been established, which can explore and guide the optimization direction of indoor living rooms with quantitative data. The used evaluation method, the constructed matrix model, and the empirical evaluation process have some significance for generalization.
　　In the past, most architects have only followed the rules of children's development and their own experiences and knowledge, and have tried to guide children's growth with fixed architectural structures combined with the design of standardized, production line-type kindergartens. Nowadays, the needs of children are the primary consideration in kindergarten design. Kindergarten design is a complicated research subject that involves planning, architecture, ecology, psychology, and other disciplines. Although this study has built a design element system based on children's demand-orientation, it is still not comprehensive enough. In the future, we can combine multiple disciplines and invite more experts from different fields for a quantitative analysis of the indoor living room space and other spaces of kindergartens to form a more comprehensive understanding.

Key words: fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, indoor living room in kindergarten, children's needs, quantification analysis, Yaahp software

中图分类号:

TU-244.1

杨瑛, 江泽平. FAHP视角下幼儿园室内生活用房设计量化研究[J]. 南方建筑, 2023, 0(5): 37-47.

Yang Ying, Jiang Zeping. Yang Ying，Jiang Zeping．Quantitative Research on the Design of Indoor Living Room in Kindergartens from the Perspective of FAHP，2023(5)：37-47.[J]. South Architecture, 2023, 0(5): 37-47.

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