关键词: 展览空间, 参观行为, 空间参数, 物理环境, 生理反馈

Abstract: People's perception of a building's environment, including their sight, hearing, and sense of smell, covers the perception objects of spatial form, physical environment, and atmosphere of the building. In the building design link, this can influence or guide the cognition and usage mode of users in the future to the space through the spatial scale. Physical environmental factors like sound, light, and temperature are also very important to the atmosphere creation, spatial orientation, and comfort of building spaces.
　　To make a more scientific evaluation on the use of exhibition buildings in universities and factors influencing their use, the research team investigated spatial scale, physical environment, audiences' psychological indicators, and visit tracks of three exhibition buildings in Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) from the perspective of a time series. On this basis, the spatial atmosphere and usage experiences were evaluated, and the correlation between the design elements of the spatial environmental series and its physiological indicators was disclosed. This study acts as a reference for architectural design conforming to the intention of exhibition space evaluation and creation.
　　For exhibition and service spaces in three exhibition buildings, senior students from the architecture department who represent main users were chosen, and their visit routes and time and location information were recorded using behavioral tracking and video. The heart rate and oxyhemoglobin saturation of respondents were monitored and recorded throughout the visit process using a physiological tester. The space was divided into several units according to functions and morphology. Illumination and sound pressure level of each unit was measured. A statistical analysis of spatial depth (L), width (D), height (H), space size coefficient (D/H), and space depth coefficient (L(D+H)/(2D·H)) was carried out for each unit.
　　For real-time datasets, relevant indicators were screened and action relations were analyzed using correlation analysis. The interaction effect among relevant indicators was analyzed by regression. The fluctuation of physiological indicators during experiences was evaluated by the variable coefficient (discrete coefficient). 
　　By analyzing the correlation between spatial environmental sequence elements and psychological indicators, time was found to have a significantly negative correlation with heart rate but had no significant correlation with oxyhemoglobin saturation. Depth, width, and space depth coefficient of units had significantly negative correlations with heart rate. Specifically, depth had the greatest influence on heart rate, followed by the influence of space depth coefficient on heart rate. The space depth coefficient had a significantly negative correlation with oxyhemoglobin saturation. Illumination had a significantly negative correlation with heart rate, while sound pressure level had a significantly positive correlation with heart rate. These two physical indicators had no significant correlations with oxyhemoglobin saturation.
　　All indicators were normalized. Through indicator interaction based on gradual linear regression, it was concluded that, given a higher sound pressure level, the adverse effects of depth and space depth coefficient on heat rate are weaker. Given a higher level of illumination, the adverse effects of depth, width, and space depth coefficient on heat rate are stronger. There was no significant interaction between time and space and physical environmental elements.
　　According to correlation analysis of variation amplitudes of time, space, and physical and physiological parameters, the time difference has no significant correlation with the variation amplitude of physiological indicators. Among space parameters, the variation amplitude of height had no significantly positive correlations with the variation amplitudes of heart rate and oxyhemoglobin saturation. In the physical environment, the variation amplitude of illumination had a significantly positive correlation with the variation amplitude of oxyhemoglobin saturation. The interaction between height and illumination was not significant.
　　A correlation analysis between the variation amplitude of physiological indicators and spatial conversion frequency was carried out, finding a significantly positive correlation between the fluctuation of heart rate and spatial conversion frequency. However, the fluctuation of heart rate had no significant correlation with oxyhemoglobin saturation. A correlation analysis based on the hourly variation amplitude of physiological indicators and hourly spatial conversion frequency was carried out, finding a significantly positive correlation between them.
　　Based on the above data analysis results, the following design strategies were proposed for the environmental sequences of exhibition spaces: in unit design, it is suggested that architects adopt a high space depth coefficient, high illumination, or low sound pressure level to create a pleasant and relaxed emotional feeling. The effect is better using multi-indicator controls. To create a tense and depressing emotional feeling, the opposite parameters should be adopted. In scene change design, the space height difference between adjacent scenes can be increased to achieve a strong prompt effect of scene change; otherwise, the illumination difference of adjacent scenes can be increased to realize a mild prompt effect. In the overall control design, the spatial conversion frequency can be increased to relieve fatigue during visits. In other words, the scene conversion times shall be increased, and the visit time shall be controlled. It is suggested that, overall, spatial conversion frequency should be higher than 1.2.

Key words: exhibition space, visiting behavior, spatial parameter, physical environment, physiological feedback