关键词: 乡村分类, 分类标准, 乡村振兴, 天等县

Abstract: 　Purpose: In the context of the implementation of the rural vitalization strategy, the standard rural classifications proposed in the Rural Revitalization Strategic Plan are not clear, which makes their practical implementation difficult. However, this problem is caused by a lack of theoretical thinking rather than by the method of classification. Based on this, three hypothetical questions related to rural classification are proposed: what is the purpose of rural classification? Is the present situation or the goal of future development the basis of rural classification? Does the natural village or the administrative village serve as the scale unit for rural classification? After consideration of these questions, it is argued that the purpose of rural classification is to establish a connection between rural development and local policy differences, that rural classification should be based on the future development goals of villages, and that the theoretical system of selecting suitable classification scale units should be demonstrated before rural classification.
　　Method: Based on the above theoretical system, standards and a system of rural classification were established and tested in a case study of Tiandeng County. Consideration was first given to the suitable scale unit before rural classification. Secondly, using the "concrete-abstract-concrete" typology method, the idea of rural was decomposed, the factors influencing rural development were refined, and the rural classification standards, including location, resource, and economic, were determined according to the rural development goal. These were divided into several indicators according to the practical situations in different regions. On this basis, an indicator system of rural classification was formed and the calculation formula for regional villages was established by the linear weighting method. Regional villages were classified based on the calculation results. This approach can provide a reference for government formulation of rural policies. All results were tested in a case study in Tiandeng County.
　　Results: According to the above classification system, combined with the actual situation of Tiandeng County, natural settlement was determined as the classification scale unit. The classification standard was divided into 11 invariants and 4 dependent variables. Planning data and status data, which describe the trends in rural development and in particular, the relationship between urban and rural areas, were used as test data. Based on the idea of "development" as the main axis and "protection" as the secondary axis, the existing four categories of the rural classification of Tiandeng County were divided into a development category and a protection category. Each of them was further divided into 4 categories and 7 sub-categories. The development category was divided by the status of development, while the protection category was divided by the characteristics of natural and cultural resources. It was proposed that protection has 2 types of policy control requirements. Based on the GIS natural breakpoint method, the development category was divided into 6 sub-categories by calculating the score of regional villages. The suburban integration category was divided into a priority integration category and a slow integration category. The agglomeration and upgrading category was divided into a priority development category, general development category, and slow development category. However, the relocation and evacuation category was not divided any further. The characteristic protection category was divided according to the characteristic natural and cultural resources, and has policy control requirements for both the protection category and development category.
　　Conclusion: A lack of theoretical studies remains the core challenge in rural classification practice. This gap is addressed by this study. These results can guide the planning, management, and practice of rural classification work. As such, this study provides theoretical references and methods for the rural classification of other regions. Future studies can explore the appropriate scale of rural classification in different regions, discuss whether there are multi-level classification scales and how to connect them, and refine the classification indicator system based on specific regional characteristics.

Key words: ural classification, classification criteria, rural vitalization, Tiandeng County