Table of Content

Volume 0 Issue 5
29 May 2025
Column: Provide for the Aged and Heathy / Human Settlements / Research on Planning / Research on Design / Conservation of Culture Heritage / Conservation of Cultural Heritage /
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Provide for the Aged and Heathy
Research on the Correlation between Outdoor Activity Characteristics of Elderly-Children Groups and Residential Space: A Case Study of Guangzhou New World Garden Residential Community‌
Zhang Chunyang, Zhang Liangduo, Zhang Wenyu
2025, 0(5):  1-10.  DOI: 10.3969/j. issn.1000-0232. 2025. 05. 001
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In the context of the new normal state in population development, it has become an important concern for the state and society at present to respond to population aging positively, promote the construction of child-friendly societies, and improve and develop the "elderly-children" service system. Residential public spaces serve as critical venues for the daily outdoor activities of the elderly and children. Disclosing the characteristics of their outdoor activities and influencing factors in residential areas is significant in enhancing their outdoor experience and creating age-friendly living environments.
　　First, an elderly-children suitability evaluation framework of residual spaces containing 14 spatial factors across five dimensions was established based on a literature review and experts' advice. A total of 15 typical activity spaces in Guangzhou New World Garden Residential Area were selected for objective assessments of spatial factors. All scores were recorded. Second, the localized SOPARC scale was introduced for non-invasive observations of the elderly-children groups in typical spaces. Their activity time distribution, activity space distribution, activity type and characteristics were recorded objectively. Further, the total number of activities and the diversity of activities were selected as the two dimensions of the activity characteristics of the elderly and children. Data from 2,503 record sheets was statistically analyzed. The Spearman coefficient was calculated using SPSS to analyze correlations between two dimensions of activity characteristics and spatial factors. On this basis, spatial factors correlated with the total number of activities and diversity of activities were chosen. Multiple linear regression models were established to explore the influencing degrees of residential space factors on the total number and diversity of elderly-children group activities and recognize key spatial factors influencing activity characteristics of the elderly-children groups. Finally, regression models of activity characteristics and spatial factors of the elderly and children were built, respectively, to explore the differences between two groups in spatial preferences. 
　　Research results on the influences of activity characteristics of the elderly-children groups indicate that the number of rest facilities, childcare spaces and activities facilities are significantly correlated with the total amount and diversity of activities of the two groups. With respect to the diversity of activities of the elderly-children groups, spatial hierarchical richness is the primary influencing spatial factor. According to research results on the influence of activity characteristics of the elderly and children groups, the elderly prefer activities in spaces with sufficient facilities and richer spatial groups and functional circle layers, whereas children prefer activities in spaces with a larger scale and richer spatial hierarchy.
　　Research conclusions provide scientific references to create activity spaces suitable for the elderly and children. They can offer some guidance in building communities that are friendly to the elderly and children, renewing the design of residential activity spaces, and formulting relevant design guidelines.


From Behavior Simulation to Boundary Identification: The Application of Agent-Based Modeling in Aging-Friendly Analysis of Community Life Circles: A Case Study based on Lianhua Street, Futian District, Shenzhen
DAI Donghui, LI Yang, ZHANG Rui
2025, 0(5):  11-21.  DOI: 10.3969/j. issn.1000-0232. 2025. 05. 002
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As urban population aging intensifies, accurately identifying and optimizing community life circles that support the daily activities of elderly residents has become a critical challenge for improving age-friendly environments. A community life circle recognition method for the aged that integrates high precision and operability was proposed from survey data on the behaviors of communities in Futian Field and combined with the philosophy of "home domain" and agent-based modeling method. Moreover, an application study was conducted in Lianhua Street, Shenzhen.
　　First, the travel chains and facility preferences were analyzed based on 276 travel behavior questionnaires of the elderly. A behavior simulation model of the aged was built on the Anylogic platform to produce walking trajectories. Subsequently, boundaries of the community life circle with 74 residential units were determined on the ArcGIS platform by combining the recognition philosophy of ecological "home domain" and the minimum convex polygon and kernel density estimation method. The precision of the proposed method was verified through a field survey. Results showed that the simulated trajectories overlap highly with actual travel paths, proving that the method has strong applicability and promotion values in high-density urban communities.
　　On this basis, the life cycle's spatial forms and correlations were further analyzed. For spatial forms, three typical classes of life circles were recognized: network type, synaptic type, and radial type. The network type is manifested as diversified facilities, interweaving nodes, compact paths, and appropriate addition of informal social spaces. High-level facilities guide the synaptic type and have strong path extension, which requires embedding intergenerational shared infrastructure along extended paths. The radial type has many problems, such as fragmented boundaries and dispersing paths, which reflect uneven distribution of facilities and poor accessibility. On spatial correlations, a three-dimensional judgment system based on the Jaccard coefficient, facility sharing strength, and behavior similarity was established and used to divide the life cycle into boundary-independent type, facility coupling type, and behavior configuration type. This discloses the mutual influences between micromechanisms (e.g., spatial fragmentation and path dependence) and facility layout.
　　According to aging-friendly analysis results, the 15-minute walking coverage for medical facilities in Lianhua Street is 68.5%, but there are significant regional differences, and the coverage in some villages in the city is lower than 50%. Analysis of the service matching degree shows an insufficient service radius of the aged's preferred facilities (e.g., parks, vegetable markets, and community health center), and uneven density of informal social facilities. The overall coverage of barrier-free routes is only 54.2%, and it is lower in some regions, such as the synaptic type. This further restricts the daily travel of the aged. 
　　Hence, differential aging-friendly optimization strategies for three types of life circles were proposed. The network type should focus on optimizing the configuration of path nodes and social communication sites. The synaptic type should introduce intergenerational sharing facilities and a small-sized shuttle system. The radial type should supplement microscale infrastructure and small-scaled pocket parks, and improve local serviceability. Meanwhile, it suggests including indexes such as "life circle-to-residential area ratio" and "barrier-free path coverage" into community aging-friendly planning standards and promoting governance transition from space supply to behavioral adaptation.
　　In sum, the proposed recognition method based on agent-based modeling and the concept of "home domain" provides a precise and low-cost technical path for aging-friendly community planning and builds an analytical framework from space recognition to policy optimization that has promising practical prospects.




Human Settlements
Research Review of the Effects of Urban Built Environment on the Mental Health of Residents#br# #br#
CHEN Peixuan, SHENG Mingjie
2025, 0(5):  22-32.  DOI: 10.3969/j. issn.1000-0232. 2025. 05. 003
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With the acceleration of urbanization, the prevalence of mental health issues has been rising globally, posing a significant challenge to residents' quality of life and sustainable social development. As the primary spatial carrier of residents' daily activities, cities profoundly impact their psychological states and mental well-being. Therefore, in-depth studies on how the built environment influences mental health and exploration of its underlying mechanisms and intervention strategies are significant in promoting healthy urban development and optimizing urban planning and design.
　　Through a systematic review of recent domestic and international studies, this research summarizes the key mechanisms and pathways through which the built environment affects mental health from an interdisciplinary perspective of urban planning, psychology, and neuroscience. First, four critical physiological mechanisms by which the urban environment affects mental health were identified: endocrine mechanism, evolutionary mechanism, neural mechanism, and molecular genetic mechanism. Subsequently, five direct and indirect paths for the urban built environment to influence mental health from five dimensions of blue-green spaces, urban morphology, spatial environmental quality, travel environment, and urban facilities were reviewed and analyzed thoroughly. Additionally, this study discussed data indicators, research methodologies, and the heterogeneous and long-term effects of the built environment on mental health.
　　Research results indicate that the urban built environment affects mental health through multiple mechanisms, and different types of built environmental factors play distinct roles in the improvement or damage of mental health. With respect to direct effects, the blue-green spaces affect mental health by regulating microenvironment and sensory pleasure. Urban morphology affects mental health through spatial pressure, high-density pollution, and sunlight deprivation. Spatial environmental quality affects mental health through sensory stimulation. With respect to indirect effects, blue-green spaces affect mental health by promoting physical activity and strengthening social interaction. The travel environment affects mental health by shortening travel time and optimizing travel modes. Urban facilities affect mental health by increasing travel behaviors, promoting physical activities, and strengthening social communication. According to further discussions, recent studies present new methodologies and development trends. Specifically, the built environment gradually transfers toward being human-oriented and emphasizes the importance of individual perception. The emerging new measurement methods increase the accuracy and operability of environmental variables. The deepening explorations on scale effect aim to disclose different impacts of the built environment on mental health under different spatial scales. For research methodologies, intervention studies present a significant increasing trend that provides further strong evidence to deduce causes and effects. Studies have also begun to pay more attention to the heterogeneity effects of the built environment on mental health. Moreover, in-depth studies on long-term effects are conducted gradually to disclose the cumulative effects of environmental exposure on mental health. 
　　The built environment exerts complex effects on mental health. Reasonable optimization of urban spatial layout and improved environmental qualtiy are important to improving the mental health level of residents. Although studies concerning the effects of the urban built environment on mental health are improving, some fields still have not been discussed fully. Future studies could further develop theoretical frameworks applicable to China, strengthen studies on small-scaled built environmental factors, and pay attention to the health needs of the vulnerable groups, aiming to provide more accurate scientific support for the construction of healthy cities. 




Study on the Correlation between Wind-Heat Environment and Spatial Form in the Streets of Huizhou Traditional Villages: A Case Study based on Hong Village in Yi County
WANG Wei, MA Xiaoyan, WU Junqi, HU Chun
2025, 0(5):  33-43.  DOI: 10.3969/j. issn.1000-0232. 2025. 05. 004
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Streets constitute a critical skeletal system in the formation of settlements and serve as an essential linear space for the development of settlement structures. With progress in rural tourism economies, more attention is being paid to the wind-heat environment and the environmental comfort of street spaces in villages. Components of street spatial forms in Hong Village, Yi County, were analyzed and seven quantitative design indicators were determined: aspect ratio of streets, height difference, orientation, interface opening rate, gray space area ratio, water greening area ratio, and node area ratio. Meanwhile, microclimatic factors (air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation) in streets were monitored on typical weather days in winter and summer. The human thermal comfort index of physiological equivalent temperature (PET) was calculated by the Ray Man software to construct a multi-linear regression model. Results indicate that: (1) in winter, PET of the study area has negative correlations with the aspect ratio, orientation, interface opening rate, gray space area ratio, and water greening area ratio, but it demonstrates positive correlations with height difference and node area ratio. In summer, PET has negative correlations with the aspect ratio, height difference, orientation, interface opening rate, and water greening area ratio, but it has positive correlations with the gray space area ratio and node area ratio. (2) The aspect ratio, height difference, orientation, gray space area ratio, and water greening area ratio significantly affect PET in winter. Specifically, aspect ratio affects PET the most (27.49%), followed by gray space area ratio (21.99%), water greening area ratio (18.16%), orientation trend (16.33%), and height difference (16.03%), successively. In summer, the aspect ratio and orientation significantly negatively affect PET. The aspect ratio (92.16%) influences PET markedly more than orientation (7.84%). (3) The diurnal variation of PET in each street demonstrates a stable trend of first rising and then decreasing in both winter and summer. (4) Optimal street spatial form in Hong Village is achieved within 4~6 for aspect ratio, 1.5~2.5m for the height difference, 30°~60° for orientation, 0.1~0.3 for the interface opening rate, 0.05~0.15 for the gray space area ratio, 0.05~0.15 for the water greening area ratio, and 0.1~0.15 for the node area ratio. (5) It is suggested to appropriately lower building height, increase point green plants and vertical green plants without occupation of ground spaces, and other spatial form designs of streets, which help improve the environmental quality of streets. (6) When the street orientation aligns with the included angle of wind directions, an obvious "narrow pipe effect" will be formed, and a reasonable road network layout will consider local prevailing wind directions. Research results can provide theoretical support and design references to optimize the spatial forms of streets in Huizhou traditional villages and promote the development of rural settlement environments.




Correlation between Social Communication Types and Place Attachment Distribution Characteristics in Traditional Streets: A Case Study based on the Perspective of Public Participation GIS
LIU Qionghan, CHEN Lihua, CAO Haiying, LU Junwei
2025, 0(5):  44-55.  DOI: 10.3969/j. issn.1000-0232. 2025. 05. 005
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Traditional streets rich in historical and cultural significance help preserve the cultural memory of local lifestyles and regional characteristics and display many forms of social communication behaviors. However, with the rapid urbanization process, traditional historical and cultural regions face challenges such as weakened traditional social communication modes and the decline in place attachment. Exploring the relationships between these social communication forms, place attachment, and influencing factors is important to strengthen the emotional bond between individuals and the environment.
　　This study explore the effects of social communication types on place attachment in traditional streets using a public participation geographic information system (PPGIS) based on a case study in Changlinhe Ancient Town. First, emotional data and spatial data of residents and tourists in Changlinhe Ancient Town were collected to produce the attachment space strength distribution maps of residents and tourists, respectively, using ArcGIS software. Combining with the behavioral annotation method and kernel density analysis, the kernel density maps of passive social communication, fleeting social communication, and continuous social communication of residents and tourists were produced. Correlations between different types of social communication behaviors and attachment space distribution features, as well as relevant influencing factors, were explored by overlay visualization analysis. Second, spatial heterogeneity of effects of different social communication behavioral types on attachment space distribution was investigated by combining ordinary least squares and geographically weighted regression. Finally, the factors that influence social communication behaviors and place attachment in Changlinhe Ancient Town were analyzed by building a multi-linear regression model.
　　Results reveal that the distribution of place attachment demonstrates significant spatial agglomeration effects and dynamic changes within a specific range, gradually diminishing with the increase of the perceived distance. Further, there are significant differences in the distribution of place attachment between residents and tourists. Among the various types of social communication, passive social communication of residents and tourists mostly influences attachment space, and all effects focus on regions with perfect facilities and good environments. Fleeting social communication focuses on business places with strong mobility and outstanding functions. Continuous social communication of residents focuses on micro-scaled public spaces in the community, while continuous social communication of tourists focuses on scenic spot areas with outstanding social functions and emotional significance. According to multiple regression results, sociocultural factors, physical environmental factors, and social contact strength significantly positively correlate with place attachment and indicators of two dimensions. Specifically, social culture influences place identity the most, and the effects of social communication on place attachment are strengthened gradually with the increase in social contact strength. Moreover, social communications are easier to continue and occur in spaces with high place identity.
　　Social communication is not only a type of activity state of residents and tourists in traditional street spaces, but also a specific factor that affects place attachment. Diversified demands of spaces for different types of social communication behaviors, and differences in spatial influencing factors between residents and tourists should be considered fully to improve their place attachment. In this study, correlations between social communication types, place attachment, and influencing factors were studied using PPGIS technology. Research results provide references to optimize scenes in spaces, which can improve human-land emotional relationships and offer new ways to study place attachment.




Research on Spatial Reconstruction and Optimization of a Rural Settlement System under the Multi-Level Goals of Rural Revitalization: A Case Study based on Laixi City, Qingdao
DU Yujia, LI Chi
2025, 0(5):  56-66.  DOI: 10.3969/j. issn.1000-0232. 2025. 05. 006
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In the context of the rural revitalization strategy and urban-rural integrated development, various regions have actively explored rural reconstruction. They attempt to optimize the allocation of rural land resources and enhance regional vitality by integrating villages and concentrated contiguous consolidation of farmland. However, government-led rural settlement reconstruction has exposed serious social issues, including "blind amalgamation" and "forced vertical resettlement." To guide the spatial reconstruction of rural settlements more scientifically, research on urban-rural spaces has increasingly focused on the structural characteristics, collective settlement morphology, and optimization strategies of village and town systems. Nevertheless, there are few studies on the spatial reconstruction of multi-level rural settlements in the county, and they ignore that rural areas are forming hierarchical, livable, and highly efficient settlement systems with town-central community-village coordinated development. As a multi-body system, rural areas must achieve multi-level revitalization goals while implementing the rural revitalization strategy, thus building a multi-level goal system consisting of a "network-zone-field-pole" structure. This provides some enlightenment for studying the spatial reconstruction of rural settlement system. Based on this system, a community-oriented rural settlement system measurement method was built based on Laixi City, a model county of rural revitalization in Shandong Province. The spatial reconstruction pathways and remediation directions were analyzed by recognizing the reconstruction types of rural communities. Results showed that: (1) among communities, rural settlements show obvious hierarchical and regional characteristics. In regions with strong rural influences, a rural network system with a relatively complete "point-line-surface" structure has been formed. In regions with low influences, the "dot-shaped" spatial structures are presented. (2) In rural communities, the first settlement occupies the dominant role, whereas middle-sized and small-sized settlements have limited development. The spatial aggregation effect around community centers is not significant, and there are abundant scattered settlements in the hinterland, showing typical core-edge structural features. (3) Based on the indicator measurement of the rural settlement system, rural communities are divided into four types by a hierarchical clustering method: urbanization-driven type, center town-guided development type, centre village agglomeration and upgrading type, and a unique function preservation type. Urbanization-driven type strengthens radiation intensity and quality of rural spatial field by "improving quality and efficiency, and allocation according to demands." The center town-guided development type observes the development idea of "improving quality and efficiency, and allocation according to demands" to improve the functions of the rural revitalization pole. The center village agglomeration and upgrading type renovates scattering plaques of rural development zones according to the idea of "reasonable agglomeration and gradual process." The unique function preservation type promotes the connection of urban-rural infrastructure network according to the "classification-guided and strict control" principle. Research results eliminate the limitation of "central place" and reflect the radiation effects of central villages on surrounding settlements. Recognizing the reconstruction types of rural communities can guide reasonable development of rural settlement systems on the county level scientifically and effectively. Exploring the endogenous power of rural settlements fully can achieve multi-level goals of rural development better. However, this study has some limitations. Limited by difficulties in data acquisition, community ranges in this study mainly rely on the socioeconomic data of villages, and they cannot fully reflect the close relationships of people stream, logistics, and information flow in communities. Future studies can further optimize models by using population mobility data and discuss improvement strategies of communities and rural system structures.




Research on Planning
Exploration of Use Control for Coastal Urban Shelters in the Era of Inventory: A Case Study from the Perspective of Land Development Rights
MA Chengwei, WEN Chaoxiang, SHI Ziqian
2025, 0(5):  67-75.  DOI: 10.3969/j. issn.1000-0232. 2025. 05. 007
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Coastal cities in the era of inventory-based urbanization face the dual challenges of economic transformation and disaster governance. In response, it is imperative to shift the land economic development paradigm from incremental expansion to the optimization of existing urban inventory, and proactively address the rising frequency and severity of natural and human-induced disasters. In this context, shelters, which are core components of resilient urban construction, should be an important instrument for urban renewal and disaster governance. However, shelters face poor renewal, delayed maintenance, and weak use control due to the insufficient intervention of market mechanisms, making it difficult to meet the urgent demands in the inventory renewal stage. This study explores a more efficient, dynamic, and fair use control way to promote sustainable renewal of shelters in coastal cities. To do this, the historical evolution of shelter construction in coastal cities was examined systematically through literature and policy review, and the objective law that usage control demands shift from single "planar emergency" to comprehensive "three-dimensional responses" was disclosed. This trend requires a more refined and modernized use control mode. Moreover, this study thoroughly analyzed the current prominent problems of shelters in coastal cities; for example, the comprehensive effect of spaces is underexplored, the single construction mode of government is difficult to continue, and the traditional planning mode cannot adapt to the era of inventory. Combined with the theory of land economics, it points to a lack of marketization activity of land resources due to public attributes of shelters and the government monopoly development mode, thus further restricting the implementation of use control. To solve these problems effectively, the reform idea of use control based on "reallocation of multiple rights and interests" was proposed. Guided by the theory of land development rights, a fundamental framework of shelter use control was established. Specifically, this framework covers the authentic rights of subjects, path configuration, and strategy correction: (1) responsibility, rights and interests of the government, market, and social subjects in land development rights of shelters are determined, and a multi-subject cooperation platform with explicit rights and responsibilities is built. (2) A use control way based on regional differences and multi-functional needs is established to promote local and trans-boundary allocations of land development rights. (3) Incentives and constraint strategies of land development rights are adjusted dynamically. It can realize maximum use control effects through marketization means, such as floor area ratio reward, tax preference, and administrative punishment. Besides, the spatial "constraint" and "incentive" mode based on positive-negative list guidance is further proposed. Unsuitable behaviors are controlled strictly through the negative list to prevent embezzlement of disaster prevention spaces. Conversely, it encourages market subjects to participate in construction and operation through the positive list to improve the comprehensive benefits of space. Meanwhile, the intelligent disaster prevention and energization path is proposed to adapt to the development trend of the smart city, and an intelligent disaster prevention platform is built through advanced technologies like big data, the Internet of Things, and cloud computing, thus realizing normal and emergency high-efficiency digital management of shelters. Finally, it concludes that in the era of inventory, the use control transformation of shelters must give comprehensive considerations to economic and public properties of land development rights and establish a use control mode integrating multi-subject participation, multi-dimensional regulation, and intelligent energization. This is beneficial in improving disaster prevention and reducing shelters' abilities, and may facilitate urban resilience construction and sustainable development effectively. This study expands the application scenes of the theory of land development rights in urban public spaces, and provides theoretical support and practical references to disaster prevention resilience planning in coastal cities. 




Research on Diversified Policy Guarantee Systems of Urban Regeneration: A Comparative Analysis of Policies between Shenzhen and Taipei#br#
WU Quhang, ZHANG Ruoxi, WANG Ruru
2025, 0(5):  76-87.  DOI: 10.3969/j. issn.1000-0232. 2025. 05. 008
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Urban regeneration has become an important task in China's urban planning. With the formation of a consensus on regeneration and the extensive implementation of regeneration practices, it is vital to promote the construction of a standardized policy guarantee system to improve the effectiveness of urban regeneration. Taiwan launched the formulation of urban regeneration policies earlier, whereas mainland China rapidly promoted the exploration of urban regeneration practices in recent years. Both Taiwan and mainland China face similar urban regeneration difficulties, such as unclear responsibilities and powers, complex property rights relations, and difficulties in financial balance. It is important for each to learn from the other and jointly promote the construction of an urban regeneration policy guarantee system. Therefore, the study selected Shenzhen and Taipei, two cities at the forefront of urban regeneration practices in their respective regions, to compare their urban regeneration policy systems. Their policy similarities and differences in administrative management, implementation approach, and guarantee capability were analyzed. In terms of administrative management, the study compared the regeneration planning systems and formulation methods, the administrative organization setting and transmission approach, the supervision and management platform, and policy tools of Shenzhen and Taipei. In terms of the implementation approach, the study compared the characteristics of the demarcation of regeneration units, the selection of implementation subjects, and the formation of the implementation process between the two cities. In terms of guarantee capability, the study compared the incentive policies and technical standards support, the financial policies and methods, and the public participation methods and mechanisms of the two cities. A total of six experiences in the construction of urban regeneration policy guarantee systems in the two cities were summarized: (1) form a multi-level and full-process policy support system; (2) establish a coordinated regeneration planning system in space, resources, and timing; (3) set up a dedicated agency to promote the joint implementation of urban regeneration by governments at all levels; (4) smooth the channels for multiple stakeholders to participate in urban regeneration jointly; (5) enrich the ways of raising regeneration funds for governments, markets and stakeholders; (6) establish a regeneration information platform for planning management and public participation. 
　　According to the experience summary of the two cities, the study concluded that managing stock interest is the core issue of urban regeneration policy formulation. For effective management of the stock interest, the targets of urban regeneration policy can be divided into two types: reducing burdens and increasing efficiency. Reducing the burden involves reducing regeneration costs and balancing stakeholders' interests. Increasing efficiency is to improve efficiency returns and build public confidence in participation. Shenzhen's urban regeneration policies mainly focus on reducing burdens, emphasizing the combination of government leadership and market incentives to clarify property rights and encourage market participation. In contrast, Taipei's urban regeneration policies focus on increasing efficiency, emphasizing the public participation and interests balance, and promoting interest sharing through the rights change system. Finally, the study proposes the overall framework of the urban regeneration policy system. First, the urban regeneration policy system is improved at the provincial and municipal levels. Second, policies for administrative management, implementation approach, and guarantee capability are improved by focusing on the management of existing interests. Suggestions for administrative management policies include: (1) improve the planning hierarchy from top-level design to project implementation, (2) the urban regeneration department should coordinate administrative transmission at all levels, and (3) establish an urban regeneration information platform for participation of multiple stakeholders. Suggestions for policy implementation approach include: (1) the government, the market, and the public can all be subjects of implementation, and (2) formulate the implementation processes to guarantee public rights and public interests. Finally, suggestions for guarantee capability policies include: (1) improving policy incentive mechanisms, (2) raising regeneration funds through multiple channels, and (3) broadening public participation channels. The study is expected to provide thoughts and references for urban regeneration practices in China from a systemic perspective.




Research on Design
Renovation Strategies for University Learning Space Adapting to Education 4.0: #br# A Case Study based on Building 27 in SCUT.#br#
SU Ping, TAN Yufei
2025, 0(5):  88-97.  DOI: 10.3969/j. issn.1000-0232. 2025. 05. 009
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As education gradually steps into the 4.0 era, although it promotes upgrading existing university spaces due to the continuous emergence of new learning modes, it still lacks evaluation and summary of reconstruction strategies from the perspective of teaching usage. From an interdisciplinary perspective, a universal framework of transformation strategies can be developed based on the entire process of renovating and utilizing university learning spaces. By analyzing the connotation characteristics of Education 4.0 and integrating the "pedagogy-space-technology" (PST) framework model from the educational theory, the integration demands and development trend of new learning spaces were discussed from perspectives of type transformation, technological support, and teaching interaction. Based on this analytical framework, the practice case of renovation of Building 27 at SCUT was introduced to explore the adaptability issues and potential utilization of standardized teaching buildings under new learning models. A specific renovation methodology system was proposed according to empirical evidence. A "shared reconstruction" strategy was proposed for learning space types that emphasizes breaking the boundaries of traditional fixed classrooms and building a flexible shared learning space with multiple functions. This supports diversified teaching activities and promotes interdisciplinary communication and collaboration. For technological support, it advocates the strategy of "intelligent integration." This creates an intelligent learning environment by integrating multi-level technologies from learning support to intelligent management, and provides assistance for maintaining and managing personalized teaching. For teaching interaction, the strategy of "participatory construction" was proposed. This encourages teachers and students to engage in the design and optimization of learning spaces collaboratively, realizes a student-centered educational model, and uses it as an effective way to train students' practice and innovation ability. This study found that the reconstruction of new learning space is not only the physical environmental renewal, but also the collaborative development of space and education philosophy, curriculum system, teaching mode and teaching method, and establishes a learning ecosystem that adapts to future education demands. Hence, integrating the above three strategies is an important foundation for realizing new learning scenes by focusing on the innovation of talent training systems. Combining with characteristics of Education 4.0, it concluded from practical analysis of the PST framework model that reconstruction of standardized teaching buildings shall focus on the following aspects: 1) standardized teaching buildings realize shared reconstruction of spaces without changing the rigid structural framework through interface reconstruction of some major spaces including indoor general spaces, outdoor flexible spaces, and campus connecting spaces. 2) The smart integration of learning scenarios at different levels. Space reconstruction should fully integrate intelligent technologies like learning support technology and management support systems through smart space reconstruction and smart scenario maintenance. 3) Full-process participation in space construction. Both teachers and students should deeply participate in the whole construction process of space planning, design, construction, and maintenance, and promote self-improvement of learning communities. In particular, this has special practical teachings of innovation values in the architecture department. The learning space reconstruction in universities in the era of Education 4.0 is a complicated engineering system. It should protect the practical use of design, construction, and maintenance for space planning and also requires continuous improvement from concept mode to mechanism based on the talent training system. Building 27 is still promoting continuous dynamic optimization after being put into use.




Conservation of Culture Heritage
Quantification and Renewal Strategies of Historical Street Space under the Theory of Daily Life: #br# A Case Study based on Hunan Road, Qingdao City#br#
ZHAO Lin, ZHAO Xin, LIU Xin
2025, 0(5):  98-106.  DOI: 10.3969/j. issn.1000-0232. 2025. 05. 010
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The theory of daily life offers a new perspective on studying the urban environment, with extensive consensus of scholars on its methodologies and values. Nevertheless, existing studies on the operation of space renewal strategies in urban historical streets pay insufficient attention to dimensions of daily life, and special studies on specific historical streets are lacking. They cannot reflect the uniqueness and complexity of historical street spaces in daily life, thus influencing the accurate responses of renewal strategies to daily life demands. Based on the renovation project of Hunan Road, Qingdao City, this study investigated how to accurately respond to daily life spaces of specific historical streets by introducing quantitative methods. First, correlations between material space and social space in Hunan Road were established by measuring material environment, events, and subjects by observing the research sequence of "space→event→ subject". Regarding the material space, the spatial characteristics of Hunan Road are reflected by the evaluation indicators, such as street façade density, near-line rate, and aspect ratio of buildings. On the social space, the event and subject characteristics in Hunan Road are reflected by studying types of street activities, place composition and spatiotemporal landscape, and the optimization methods of historical streets in Hunan Road under the perspective of daily life are explored. The factors influencing the material and social environments for daily life in Hunan Road were disclosed. It concluded that the material environment and social environment for daily life were correlated. The material space for daily life is influenced greatly by the street interface, while functions and historical properties on two sides of the street influence the daily life environment through the street interface. There are some problems in the daily life spaces of Hunan Road, such as significant differences in the nature of the buildings between the two sides and obvious differences in daily life strength. The corresponding optimization strategies are proposed: (1) classify and enhance the street building façade and functional space and selectively improve the livability of the space to ensure spatial continuity, (2) preserve characteristic living spaces and their sense of place, and strengthen the design of space as a living event, and (3) expand the capacity of narrow public spaces, and conduct elastic reservation design and polysemous spatiotemporal design. The research on the spatial living events of Hunan Road provides ideas for the renewal and transformation of Qingdao's historical street spaces from a contemporary perspective of daily life, explores concepts for urban microenvironment renewal strategies, and offers local experience for the integration of daily life theory and urban space practice.




Conservation of Cultural Heritage
Promotion of Japanese Cultural Heritage and Case Analysis: A Study of the Official Japan Heritage Website
XING jun, JIANG xinquan
2025, 0(5):  107-115.  DOI: 10.3969/j. issn.1000-0232. 2025. 05. 011
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With the increasing integration of culture and technology, digital platforms have been widely used in the field of cultural heritage, and the official website of Japan Heritage has a unique experience in constructing heritage platforms. Japan Heritage is a special project certified by the Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs, with a primary intention to be a world heritage site. Nevertheless, the adjustment of cultural strategies has witnessed a gradual transition into a cultural heritage project to promote regional revitalization. Japan Heritage covers cultural heritage protected by legislation and unofficial local cultural resources. It seeks to integrate scattered heritage for utilization and promotion. In 2015, Japan established the official website of Japan Heritage, which remains highly active. By analyzing its characteristics and typical promotion cases, this study explores the innovative path for the digital promotion of Japanese cultural heritage. Based on 2,395 reports published on the official website of Japan Heritage from January 2015 to November 2024, five aspects were analyzed by combining big data statistics, textual analysis, and case study: (1) promotion methods—the diversified implementation paths of the official website include cooperation with official institutions, festivals, and digital media. (2) Reporting trends—the number of reports has three turning points due to changes in the tourism environment. It increased quickly from 2015 to 2019, entered into a fluctuating adjustment from 2020 to 2021 due to COVID-19 epidemics and the Olympic Games, and then entered a stable growth period after 2022 when activity reports became the dominant type. (3) Activity characteristics—the report titles show four characteristics according to word frequency statistics: high correlation between Japanese heritage and traditional culture, the close relationship with academic research and public education activities, the diversity of activity locations, and the attraction of public participation through festivals and activities. (4) Project distribution—Japanese heritage projects are divided into regional and series projects. In terms of type distribution, the series type is extensive, and the regional type is concentrated. In terms of regional statistics, the reports highlight the recognition and complementarity of active areas. (5) Promotion effect—combined online search volume, video playback volume, and local tourist data show a certain online and offline promotion effect after the local project is certified as Japanese heritage. The most reported projects in the two types of Japanese heritage were chosen for the promotion case study. The regional project "The Story of Kurashiki Begins with a Cotton Flower" creates a composite model of "industry + history + landscape" through the revitalization of industrial heritage, regional resource integration, and narrative system construction. The series project of "Modern Japan's Educational Heritage Group," which themes educational heritage, realizes the transformation from static display to dynamic inheritance and enhances cultural identity through the restoration of educational venues and educational activities. In general, there are diversified, innovative, and complementary reporting strategies for promoting the Japan Heritage official website. The increase in online attention and local tourism numbers show that promoting Japanese heritage projects has achieved some outcomes. At the same time, the cases of "Modern Japan's Educational Heritage Group" and "Kurashiki and the Story of Fiber—East Meets West Through Cotton" reflect that innovative promotion paths—such as telling heritage stories, multimedia publicity, and multi-party collaboration—show the cultural heritage value of various places and effectively promote the cultural identity of local residents. In future, China can learn from Japan's experience and further improve the construction of cultural heritage digital platforms.