Meteorological Year Development for Building Energy Consumption Simulation in Hot and Humid Areas and Influences of Meteorological Parameters

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2024.06.010

Abstract

Abstract: Numerical simulation could analyze building energy consumption and provide support for formulation of energy-saving building strategies. However, it requires accurate energy models. Meteorological data which can characterize local climate conditions accurately is essential for energy models. With references to international experiences, China determined meteorological parameters which can support simplified assessment of building thermal performances in early stage. With the construction of city weather stations (CWSs) and data accumulation in recent years, it is feasible to carry out more refined studies on building meteorological data. This study is devoted to the development of the latest meteorological reference year data for building energy consumption simulation in hot and humid areas while investigating the influences of meteorological parameters on building energy consumption in these areas.
　　Guangzhou and Xisha are chosen as the representative cities in hot and humid areas. With references to methods recommended by ISO 15927-4, the most representative 12 "typical months" were chosen from the hourly measurement data (CWS) of urban meteorological stations from 2010 to 2019 according to values of air temperature, relative humidity (RH), solar radiation and wind speed. These 12 "typical months" were combined into a complete test reference year (TRY) to provide basic parameters for building energy consumption simulation.
　　Representativeness of TRY was assessed through a comparative simulation of model groups which used 1-year TRY and 10-year CWS meteorological data as the climatic conditions. Compared to simulation results of CWS group, refrigeration needs of TRY group in Guangzhou and Xisha were overestimated by 3.68% and 1.71%, respectively. The monthly values were close to mean values of the CWS group. Except for 11.58% and 5.96% overestimation in dehumidification demand, the monthly values reached the maximum value of CWS group within certain months. The difference between the 1-year simulation results of TRY model group and the 10-year simulation results of CWS model group is significantly lower than simulation errors of the CWS2010-2019 group in 10 years. This proves that the simulation results of TRY group are in agreement with long-term conditions of the CWS group.
　　To investigate impact weights of meteorological elements on building energy consumption, comparative model groups were formed based on TRY through offsets of meteorological parameters. Results showed that air temperature and solar radiation had dominant influences on building energy consumption. The annual average values of relative impact weight (IFw.mean) are 44.81% and 40.62% in Guangzhou and 28.70% and 57.11% in Xisha. RH influences vary with seasons. IFw.mean of RH in Guangzhou and Xisha are 11.30% and 8.98%, respectively. Influences of wind speed are not obvious in Guangzhou, but the impact of wind speed increased to some extent. IFw.mean values were 3.28% and 5.21% in Guangzhou and Xisha, respectively. On this basis, energy-saving building design strategies are formulated. Except for relieving high-temperature effects, high attention shall be paid to building shading and RH control in spring and summer. The impact weights of meteorological parameters on energy consumption simulation results are not influenced by structural types of buildings. However, energy consumption of the heavy construction group is significantly lower than that of light construction group. This proves that enhancing the thermal storage capacity of building envelopes has significant energy-saving potential.
　　This study provides meteorological data support for building energy consumption simulation in hot and humid areas and offers some references for energy-saving building design. Since simulation schemes have limitations in parameter setting, future studies should acquire more reliable input parameters through laboratory or practical engineering measurement and improve reliability of research conclusions through feedback and test by measurement data.

Key words: air temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, wind speed, building energy consumption, test reference year

摘要： 气象年数据是建筑能耗模拟的基础参数。基于10年期城市气象站逐时实测数据制作了湿热地区代表城市广州和西沙的测试参考年（TRY），并通过模拟验证了具有较好的长期代表性。在TRY基础上通过气象参数偏移形成对比模型组，评估各气象要素对建筑能耗的影响权重，结果表明空气温度和太阳辐射对建筑能耗有主导影响，对广州相对影响权重全年均值（IFw.mean）分别为44.81%和40.62%，对西沙相应值为28.70%和57.11%；相对湿度影响具有季节性，对广州和西沙IFw.mean分别为11.30%和8.98%；风速影响对广州不明显，对西沙则有一定幅度提高，IFw.mean分别为3.28%和5.21%。为湿热地区的建筑能耗模拟提供了气象数据支持，为建筑节能设计提供参考。

关键词: 空气温度, 太阳辐射, 相对湿度, 风速, 建筑能耗, 测试参考年

CLC Number:

TU2
TU11

HUANG Zujian, ZHAN Qiaosheng. Meteorological Year Development for Building Energy Consumption Simulation in Hot and Humid Areas and Influences of Meteorological Parameters[J]. South Architecture, 2024, 0(6): 96-106.

黄祖坚, 詹峤圣. 湿热地区建筑能耗模拟气象年开发及参数影响[J]. 南方建筑, 2024, 0(6): 96-106.

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