Abstract: After the end of World War II in the middle and late 20th century, with the spread of modernist architecture, the stereotyped architectural forms were gradually criticized. People started realizing the limitations of modernist architecture. Under the negative effects brought by the spread and globalization of modernist architecture, architects began to seek the "origin" of architecture from historical traditions, through architectural typology, so that new buildings can continue their historical forms, and establish a connection with the past. This kind of rethinking of the design concept of modernist architecture, which ignores regional characteristics and overemphasizes modern technology, has been significant from then to now. By sorting out and researching the development background and significance of architectural typology, this article clarifies that architectural typology focuses on not only the issue of form types, but also the relationship between form types and function types, which precisely responds to the form and function of modern architecture, and the opposition between tradition and modernity. With the reconstruction and expansion project of the memorial halls of the 3rd National Congress of the Communist Party of China, this article elaborates on the understanding and application of the ideas and methods of architectural typology.
　　Through the study of previous architectural typology research, the article extracts typological design methods, and divides the architectural forms of Xinhepu Historical and Cultural District into two main design methods: type selection (abstract) and type conversion (reduction). And from an urban point of view, it analyzes the overall relationship between the plots of memorial halls project and the urban axis, through those twomethods. It not only pays attention to the humanistic content of the region itself and the review of the historical memory of the place but also realizes the value of red buildings to the city. At the same time, based on the dynamic and the static, the change and the unchange of the project site layout, the spatial scale of the Xinhepu historical and cultural block, the typical building facade ratio, and the classic architectural details and so on, it refines the spatial characteristics and architectural prototypes, matches the form with the function and integrates the characteristics of the times and the type of an architectural function into the contemporary urban environment with a "new" form, to explore a proper handling of architecture and its site environment, historical memory and the characteristics of red buildings, and to provide a reference for the design of red buildings in historical and cultural blocks.

Key words: architectural typology, the 3rd National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Red Gene, historical and cultural district

摘要： 面对现代主义风格的蔓延与全球化所来的负效应，建筑类型学从历史传统中寻求建筑的“本源”，使建筑设计有据可循的主张，对于反思现代主义忽视地域特征，过于强调现代技术的设计理念在当时乃至现在都具有极其重要的意义。通过对建筑类型学的发展背景及意义的梳理及研究，运用类型学思想，提取类型学设计方法，结合中共三大会址纪念馆改扩建项目的实践案例，探寻在历史文化街区环境中恰当处理建筑与场所环境、历史记忆以及红色建筑本身的特征。在设计中提取历史文化的“本源”，再结合时代特征及建筑功能类型以“新”的形式融入当代城市环境，为历史文化街区红色建筑的设计提供了参考依据。

关键词: 建筑类型学, 中共三大, 红色基因, 历史文化街区